Editing 1809 (section)

=== January&ndash;March ===
[[File:Sir John Moore (by Sir Thomas Lawrence) - original colors version.jpg|thumb|120px|[[January 16]] [[John Moore (British Army officer)|Sir John Moore]] is killed at the [[Battle of Corunna]].]]
* [[January 5]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of the Dardanelles]], between the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] and the [[Ottoman Empire]], is concluded.
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Peninsular War]] &ndash; French Marshal [[Jean Lannes]] begins the [[Second Siege of Zaragoza|Siege of Zaragoza]].
* [[January 14]] &ndash; The [[Apodaca–Canning treaty]] is signed in [[London]] between Britain and Spain
* [[January 16]] &ndash;  Peninsular War &ndash; [[Battle of Corunna]] in [[Galicia (Spain)]]: The  British (under General Sir [[John Moore (British Army officer)|John Moore]], who is killed) resist an attempt by the French (under [[Jean-de-Dieu Soult|Marshal Soult]]) to prevent them embarking.
* [[February 3]] &ndash; The [[Illinois Territory]] is created from the western part of the [[Indiana Territory]].
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Robert Fulton]] patents the [[steamboat]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thinkfinity.org/2011-02-11_Fulton-patents-steamboat|title=Robert Fulton patented the steamboat in 1809|work=Thinkfinity|publisher=Verizon|access-date=2011-04-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110724093727/http://www.thinkfinity.org/2011-02-11_Fulton-patents-steamboat|archive-date=July 24, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.todayinsci.com/F/Fulton_Robert/FultonPatents.htm|title=The Fulton Patents|work=Today in Science History|access-date=2011-04-15}}</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Charles Darwin]] and [[Abraham Lincoln]] are born.
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Miami University]] (Ohio) is established (by Act of February 2) on the township of land required to be set aside for it, under the conditions of the [[Miami Purchase]] in [[1794]].
* [[February 20]]
** ''[[United States v. Peters, 9 U.S. 115 (1809)|United States v. Peters]]'': The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] rules that the power of the federal government is greater than any individual state.
** The [[Second Siege of Zaragoza|Siege of Zaragoza]] ends as Jose Palafox surrenders. Over 60,000 have been killed, during the 60 day siege.
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Battle of Valls]]: Spanish forces are defeated in [[Catalonia]] by Marshal [[Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr]].
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Action of 27 February 1809]]: Captain [[Bernard Dubourdieu]] captures [[HMS Proserpine (1807)|HMS ''Proserpine'']].
* [[March 1]] &ndash; The [[Embargo Act of 1807]] is repealed in the United States; the [[Non-Intercourse Act (1809)|Non-Intercourse Act]] replaces it.
* [[March 13]] &ndash; A military [[coup d'état|coup]] ousts [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden]]; he is confined in [[Gripsholm Castle]].
* [[March 29]]
** At the [[Diet of Porvoo]], Finland's [[Riksdag of the Estates|four Estates]] pledge allegiance to [[Alexander I of Russia]], commencing the secession of the future [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] from [[Lands of Sweden|Sweden]]. The Emperor, in return, promises to retain and uphold former laws and privileges, as well as the dominant Lutheran religion. His pledge is later interpreted by the Finns as a confirmation of [[Swedish Constitution of 1772|constitutional laws]], which had, effectively, established [[Grand Duchy of Finland|Finland]] as a separate state in real union with [[Russian Empire|Russia]].
** King [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden]] abdicates after the [[Coup of 1809]] and is later exiled.
** Peninsular War &ndash;
*** [[First Battle of Porto]]: 8,000 Portuguese soldiers are killed in a rout after defeat by the French under [[Marshal Soult]]. Thousands of fleeing civilians drown when a pontoon bridge collapses.
*** [[Battle of Medellín]] at [[Extremadura]]: Massive casualties are suffered, in a rout by French cavalry, under [[Marshal Victor]].