Editing 1765 (section)

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Prince Joseph of Austria]] marries Princess [[Maria Josepha of Bavaria]] in [[Vienna]].
* [[January 29]] &ndash; One week before his death, [[Mir Jafar]], who had been enthroned as the [[Nawab of Bengal]] and ruler of the Bengali people with the support and protection of the [[British East India Company]], abdicates in favor of his 18-year-old son, [[Najmuddin Ali Khan]].<ref>Abdul Majed Khan, ''The Transition in Bengal, 1756-75: A Study of Saiyid Muhammad Reza Khan'' (Cambridge University Press, 2007) p69</ref>
* [[February 8]]
**[[Frederick the Great]], the [[King of Prussia]], issues a decree abolishing the historic punishments against unmarried women in Germany for "sex crimes", particularly the ''Hurenstrafen'' (literally "whore shaming") practices of public humiliation.<ref>Isabel V. Hull, ''Sexuality, State, and Civil Society in Germany, 1700-1815'' (Cornell University Press, 1997) p127</ref>
**[[Isaac Barré]], a member of the British House of Commons for [[Wycombe (UK Parliament constituency)|Wycombe]] and a veteran of the [[French and Indian War]] in the British American colonies, coins the term "[[Sons of Liberty]]" in a rebuttal to [[Charles Townshend]]'s derisive description of the American colonists during the introduction of the proposed Stamp Act.  Barré notes that "They fled from your tyranny to a then uncultivated and unhospitable country... And yet, actuated by the principles of true English liberty, they met all these hardships with pleasure, compared with those they suffered in their own country, from the hands of those who should have been their friends."  American colonists adopt the term for their own organization after reading the accounts of Barré's speech.<ref>Jonathan Mercantini, ''The Stamp Act of 1765: A History in Documents'' (Broadview Press, 2017) p71</ref>
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Spain]]'s five-member "special junta", appointed by Prime Minister [[Jerónimo Grimaldi, 1st Duke of Grimaldi|Jerónimo Grimaldi]], delivers its report regarding "ways to address the backwardness of Spain's commerce with its colonies and with foreign nations".  The report provides detailed orders to be delivered to [[José de Gálvez]], the ''visitador general'' in charge of [[New Spain]].<ref>Stanley J. Stein and Barbara H. Stein, ''Apogee of Empire: Spain and New Spain in the Age of Charles III, 1759–1789'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003) p69</ref>
* [[March 9]] &ndash; After a public campaign by the writer [[Voltaire]], judges in [[Paris]] posthumously exonerate [[Jean Calas]] of murdering his son. Calas had been tortured and executed in [[1762]] on the charge, though his son may have committed suicide.
* [[March 22]] &ndash; Royal assent is given to the [[Duties in American Colonies Act 1765]], historically referred to as the [[Stamp Act 1765|Stamp Act]], imposing the first direct tax levied from [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] on the [[Thirteen Colonies|thirteen American colonies]], effective November 1.<ref>"Sunday's and Monday's Posts", in ''The Leeds Intelligencer'', March 26, 1765, p3</ref> The revenue measure (which requires the purchase of a stamp to be affixed for validation of all legal documents, but also to licensed newspapers and even playing cards and dice) is made to help defray the costs for British military operations in [[North America]], including the French and Indian War.<ref>Richard Archer, ''As If an Enemy's Country: The British Occupation of Boston and the Origins of Revolution'' (Oxford University Press, 2010) pp20-21</ref>
* [[March 24]] &ndash; Great Britain passes the [[Quartering Act]], requiring private households in the thirteen American colonies to house British soldiers if necessary.