Editing 1684 (section)

=== January–March ===
* [[January 5]] 
** King [[Charles II of England]] gives the title [[Duke of St Albans]] to [[Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans|Charles Beauclerk]], his illegitimate son by [[Nell Gwyn]].
** The earliest form of what is now the [[University of Tokyo]] (formally chartered in [[1877]]), the [[Tenmongata]], is established in Japan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Poole |first1=Gregory S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q30fEAAAQBAJ&q=%221684%22 |title=The Japanese Professor: An Ethnography of a University Faculty |date=1 January 2010 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-94-6091-166-8 |page=15 |language=en |access-date=3 April 2023}}</ref><ref>[https://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~katogi0908/img/file9.pdf 湊御殿（夤賓閣）*の天文図を復元する]  (in Japanese) Retrieved 30 April 2023.</ref>
* [[January 15]] (January 5 O.S.) – To demonstrate that the [[River Thames]], frozen solid during the Great Frost that started in December, is safe to walk upon, "a Coach and six horses drove over the Thames for a wager" and within three days "whole streets of Booths are built on the Thames and thousands of people are continually walking thereon." [[Sir Richard Newdigate, 2nd Baronet]], records the events in his diary.<ref>Anne Emily Garnier Newdigate-Newdegate, ed., ''Cavalier and Puritan in the Days of the Stuarts: Compiled from the Private Papers and Diary of Sir Richard Newdigate, Second Baronet, with Extracts from Ms. News-letters Addressed to Him Between 1675 and 1689'' (Smith, Elder, & Co., 1901) p. 234</ref>
* [[January 26]] – [[Marcantonio Giustinian]] is elected Doge of Venice.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gullino |first1=Giuseppe |title=GIUSTINIAN, Marcantonio |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/marcantonio-giustinian_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |website=www.treccani.it |access-date=28 March 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[January]] – [[Edmond Halley]], [[Christopher Wren]] and [[Robert Hooke]] have a conversation in which Hooke later claimed not only to have derived the [[inverse-square law]], but also all the laws of planetary motion attributed to Sir [[Isaac Newton]].<ref>Laurence Gardner,  ''The Shadow of Solomon'' (HarperCollins, 2005) p. 64</ref>  Hooke's claim is that in a letter to Newton on 6 January 1680, he first stated the inverse-square law.<ref>Margaret 'Espinasse, ''Robert Hooke'' (University of California Press, 1956) p. 75</ref>
* [[February 7]] – [[Morocco]] retakes control of the city of [[Tangier]] from England, which had controlled the North African port since [[1661]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Elbl |first1=Martin |title=Portuguese Tangier (1471-1662): Colonial Urban Fabric as Cross-Cultural Skeleton |date=27 December 2013 |publisher=Baywolf Press |isbn=978-0-921437-50-5 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AeTBAgAAQBAJ&dq=Tangier+%227+february+1684%22&pg=PA14 |access-date=28 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>  During the five months prior to evacuation of the English from the city, the Governor, [[George Legge, 1st Baron Dartmouth|Lord Dartmouth]] had ordered the destruction of the wall around the city, its fortifications and port facilities that had been built by the English during the occupation.
* [[February 8]] – Prince [[Dumitrașcu Cantacuzino]] returns to the throne of the principality of [[Moldavia]] for a third reign but is overthrown 14 months later on June 25.  In 1859, Moldavia will unite with neighboring [[Wallachia]] to form the Kingdom of [[Romania]].
* [[February 15]] (February 5 O.S.) – The [[Great Frost of 1683–84|Great Frost]] in Britain, during which the [[River Thames]] was frozen in London and the sea as far as {{convert|2|mi|km}} out from land and which started the previous December, ends as the Thames begins to thaw. [[William Maitland (historian)|William Maitland]] later writes that the Frost, which started in December 1683, "congealed the river Thames to that degree that another city, as it were, was erected thereon; where by the great number of streets and shops, with their rich furniture, it represented a great fair, with a variety of carriages, and diversions of all sorts."<ref>William Andrews, ''Famous Frosts and Frost Fairs in Great Britain: Chronicled from the Earliest to the Present Time'' (G. Redway, 1887) pp. 17-18</ref> During the freeze, there had been great loss of beast and of wildlife, especially birds, and similar reports from across Northern Europe.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Agricultural Records|last=Stratton|first=J. M.|publisher=John Baker|year=1969|isbn=0-212-97022-4}}</ref> The [[Chipperfield's Circus]] dynasty began during the freeze, with James Chipperfield introducing performing animals to the country at the [[River Thames frost fairs|Frost Fair on the Thames]] in London.
* [[February 24]] &ndash; A treaty is signed between European German colonists in [[Brandenburg-Prussia]], and the African chiefs in what is now [[Ghana]] to permit the German colonists to build a second fort on the [[Brandenburger Gold Coast]], and the fortress of [[Dorotheenschanze]] is built.  The area is now the Ghanaian city of [[Akwida]].<ref>Ulrich van der Heyden, ''Rote Adler an Afrikas Küste: Die Brandenburgisch-preussische Kolonie Grossfriedrichsburg in Westafrika'' ("Red eagles on the African coast: the Brandenburg-Prussian colony of Grossfriedrichsburg in West Africa") (Selignow, 2001) p. 31</ref>
* [[March 5]] – [[Pope Innocent XI]] forms a [[Holy League (1684)|Holy League]] with the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]], [[Venice]] and Poland, to end [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turkish]] rule in Europe.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Setton |first1=Kenneth Meyer |title=Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century |date=1991 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-192-7 |page=271 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XN51y209fR8C&dq=Pope+Innocent+XI+%225+march+1684%22&pg=PA271 |access-date=28 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 19]] – In Japan, the [[Tenna|Tenna era]] ends on the 21st day of the 2nd month of the Chinese calendar of the 4th year of the [[Tenna|Tenna era]] and the [[Jōkyō]] era begins as Japan's royal astronomer, [[Shibukawa Shunkai]] institutes the [[Jōkyō calendar]] to replace Chinese calendar which had been used in Japan since [[859]] AD, after calculating that the length of the solar year is 365.2417 days.<ref>"Jōkyō-reki", in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', ed. by Louis Frederic and translated by Kathe Roth (Belknap Press, 2002) p. 431</ref>