Editing 1664 (section)

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Battle of Surat]] in India: The [[Maratha]] leader, Chhatrapati [[Shivaji]], defeats the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Army]] Captain Inayat Khan, and sacks [[Surat]].
* [[January 7]] &ndash; Indian entrepreneur [[Virji Vora]], described in the 17th century by the English East India Company as the richest merchant in the world, suffers the loss of a large portion of his wealth when the Maratha troops of Shivaji plunder his residence at Surat and his business warehouses.
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Jesuit]] missionary [[Johann Grueber]] arrives in [[Rome]] after a 214-day journey that had started in [[Beijing]], proving that commerce can be had between Europe and Asia by land rather than ship.
* [[February 12]] &ndash; The Treaty of Pisa is signed between France and the Papal States to bring an end to the [[Corsican Guard Affair]] that began on August 20, 1662, when the French ambassador was shot and killed by soldiers in the employ of Pope Alexander VII. 
* [[February 14]] &ndash; A peace treaty is signed in [[Turin]] in [[Italy]] to end the [[Savoyard–Waldensian wars#War of the Banished|War of the Banished]] between the [[Duchy of Savoy]] and the [[Waldensians]].
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy]], appointed by King [[Louis XIV]] of [[France]] as Lieutenant Général of the Americas, departs from the port of [[La Rochelle]] with 1,200 men and seven ships to expand France's property in the Caribbean Sea and in South America.  
* [[March 12]] &ndash; King [[Charles II of England]] makes royal charter for territory in North America that leases to his brother, [[James II of England|James, Duke of York]], a patent for a large amount of land in what is now the northeastern United States.  According to the Charter, James receives "all that part of the mayne land of [[New England]]" between "[[Nova Scotia|New Scotland in America]]" and the river of Kenebeque", along with "Mattowacks or [[Long Island]]" and "Martins Vineyard and Nantukes", and the lands between the "[[Connecticut River|Connecticutte]] and [[Hudson River|Hudsons]] rivers" and the lands "from the west side of "[[Connecticut River|Connecticutte]] to the east side [[Delaware Bay|De la Warre Bay]]".  The lease, which includes the territory claimed by the Dutch Republic as [[New Netherland]] is for most of the U.S. state of [[Maine]] and parts of [[Connecticut]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]] and [[Pennsylvania]].<ref>Robert C. Ritchie, ''The Duke's Province: A Study of New York Politics and Society, 1664-1691'' (University of North Carolina Press, 2012) p. 18</ref> 
* [[March 19]] &ndash; Polish astronomer [[Johannes Hevelius|Jan Heweliusz]] becomes the first native of Poland to be inducted into England's Royal Society.