Editing 1653 (section)

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 3]] &ndash; By the [[Coonan Cross Oath]], the Eastern Church in India cuts itself off from colonial Portuguese tutelage.
* [[January]] &ndash; The [[Swiss peasant war of 1653|Swiss Peasant War]] begins after magistrates meeting at [[Lucerne]] refuse to hear from a group of peasants who have been financially hurt by the devaluation of the currency issued from [[Bern]].
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[New Amsterdam]] (now [[New York City]]) received [[Town privileges|municipal rights]] by a charter from [[New Netherland]] Governor [[Peter Stuyvesant]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wlEaAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22New+Amsterdam%22+February+1653&pg=PA780 "The New York Tercentenary: An Exhibition of the History of New Netherland"], in by Victor Hugo Paltsits, in ''Bulletin of the New York Public Library'' (October, 1926) p.780</ref>
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[Cardinal Mazarin]] returns to [[Paris]] from exile.
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Swiss peasant war of 1653]]: Peasants from the Entlebuch valley in Switzerland assemble at Heiligkreuz to organize a plan to suspend all tax payments to the authorities in the [[canton of Lucerne]], after having been snubbed at a magisterial meeting in Lucerne. More communities in the canton join in an alliance concluded at [[Wolhusen]] on February 26. 
* [[February ]] &ndash; The [[Morning Star Rebellion]] (''Morgonstjärneupproret'') of peasants breaks out in Sweden's province of [[Närke]], against [[Christina, Queen of Sweden|Queen Christina]].<ref>Oskar Garstein, ''Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia: The Age of Gustavus Adolphus and Queen Christina of Sweden, 1622-1656'' (E. J. Brill, 1992) p. 688</ref> It is brutally suppressed by April, and its leader, the self-proclaimed King Olof Mårtensson (who uses a [[Morning star (weapon)|morning star]] as his [[scepter]]) is executed on a [[breaking wheel]] on April 6.
* [[March 14]] &ndash; A Dutch fleet defeats the English in the [[Battle of Leghorn]] in the Mediterranean but the Dutch commander, [[Johan van Galen]], later dies of his wounds.