Editing 1544 (section)

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 4]] &ndash; In [[India]], [[Maldeo Rathore]], King of Marwar (now part of the state of [[Rajasthan]]) is tricked by counterintelligence spread by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] and Afghan Shah [[Sher Shah Suri]] into departing from [[Jodhpur]]. The [[Battle of Sammel]] begins shortly afterward and is won by the Afghan and Mughal armies.<ref>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Mughal Empire'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 81-82</ref>
* [[January 13]] &ndash; At [[Västerås]], the estates of [[Sweden]] swear loyalty to King [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Vasa]] and to his heirs, ending the traditional electoral monarchy in Sweden.<ref>{{cite book |title=Skrifter utgivna av Institutet för rättshistorisk forskning: Rättshistoriska studier. Serien II |date=1951 |publisher=Nordiska bokhandeln |isbn=978-91-85190-28-7 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IgspAQAAMAAJ&q=%2213%20januari%201544%22 |access-date=22 September 2023 |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Medelius |first1=Hans |title=Himla många kungar: historier kring Den Svenska Historien |date=1993 |publisher=Nordiska museet |isbn=978-91-7108-338-8 |page=75 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cvWAAAAMAAJ&q=gustav+frankrike+%2213+januari+1544%22 |access-date=22 September 2023 |language=sv}}</ref> Gustav subsequently signs an alliance with the [[Kingdom of France]].
* [[January 24]] &ndash; During a solar eclipse visible over the Netherlands, Dutch mathematician and designer [[Gemma Frisius]] makes the first recorded use of a [[camera obscura]] and uses it to observe the event without directly looking at the Sun. Frisius writes about the event the next year and illustrates it in his book ''De Radio Astronomica et Geometrica'' (''Regarding rays of light in astronomy and geometry'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jongrepstad.com/pinhole-photography/pinhole-photography-history-images-cameras-formulas/|title=Pinhole Photography – History, Images, Cameras, Formulas|first=Jon|last=Grepstad|date=20 October 2015|access-date=1 September 2016|archive-date=17 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917104024/https://jongrepstad.com/pinhole-photography/pinhole-photography-history-images-cameras-formulas/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[February 20]] &ndash; The [[Diet of Speyer (1544)|Fourth Diet of Speyer]] is convened.<ref>{{cite book |title=Archiv Für Reformationsgeschichte |date=1964 |publisher=Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn |page=180 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXZUAAAAYAAJ&q=%E2%80%9E20.%20Februar%201544%E2%80%9C |access-date=22 September 2023 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Melloni |first1=Alberto |title=Martin Luther: Ein Christ zwischen Reformen und Moderne (1517–2017) |date=23 October 2017 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-049874-5 |page=379 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dME7DwAAQBAJ&dq=Vierter+Speyerer+Reichstag+%E2%80%9E20.+Februar+1544%E2%80%9C&pg=PA379 |access-date=22 September 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[March 7]] &ndash; Five Roman Catholic priests— [[John Larke]], [[John Ireland (martyr)|John Ireland]], [[Eltham, London|the vicar of Eltham]] and [[Robert Singleton (priest)|Robert Singleton]] are executed at [[Tyburn]], outside of London, in England after being convicted of participating in the [[Prebendaries' Plot]] to remove  [[Thomas Cranmer]], the Protestant  [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].<ref>[https://archive.org/details/onehundredfivema00tybuuoft ''The One Hundred and Five Martyrs of Tyburn'', Burns & Oates, Ltd., London, 1917]</ref>
* [[March 16]] &ndash; 
**The [[Battle of Glasgow (1544)|Battle of Glasgow]] is fought for control of Scotland between [[Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox]] and the troops of the Regent, [[James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran]]
**[[Frederick II, Elector Palatine|Friedrich II]] becomes the new [[List of counts palatine of the Rhine|Elector Palatine]] of Germany's Rhineland within the [[Holy Roman Empire]] upon the death of his brother [[Louis V, Elector Palatine|Ludwig V]] at [[Heidelberg]].
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Royal assent]] is given by King Henry VIII to laws passed by the English Parliament, including the [[Third Succession Act]], the amended [[Treason Act 1543|Treason Act]] and the [[King's Style Act 1543|King's Style Act]].