Editing 1193 (section)

=== By place ===

==== Levant ====
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Saladin]] ('''the Lion''') dies of a fever at [[Damascus]]. The lands of the [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid Dynasty]] of [[Bilad al-Sham|Syria]] and [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]] are split among his relatives. During his reign, he briefly unites the Muslim world, and drives the Crusaders out of [[Jerusalem]] to a narrow strip of coast. At the time of his death, Saladin has seventeen sons and one little daughter. [[Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din|Al-Afdal]] succeeds his father as ruler (''[[emir]]'') of Damascus, and inherits the headship of the Ayyubid family. His younger brother, the 22-year-old [[Al-Aziz Uthman|Al-Aziz]], proclaims himself as independent sultan of Egypt. [[Az-Zahir Ghazi|Al-Zahir]] receives [[Aleppo]] (with lands in northern Syria), and [[Turan-Shah]] receives [[Yemen]]. The other dominions and fiefs in the [[Oultrejordain]] (also called Lordship of [[Montréal (castle)|Montréal]]) are divided between his sons and the two remaining brothers of Saladin.<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', pp. 66–67. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>
* [[May]] &ndash; The Pisan colony at [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]] plots to seize the city, and hand it over to [[Guy of Lusignan]] – the ruler of [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]]. King [[Henry II, Count of Champagne|Henry I of Jerusalem]] arrests the ringleaders, and orders that the colony be reduced to only 30 people. The Pisans retaliate, by raiding the coastal villages between Tyre and [[Acre, Israel|Acre]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre'', p. 70. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29877-0}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[February 14]] &ndash; King [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] ('''the Lionheart'''), previously imprisoned on his return from the [[Third Crusade]] by [[Leopold V, Duke of Austria|Leopold V]] ('''the Virtuous'''), duke of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]]<ref>{{cite book|title=King John|first=W. L.|last=Warren|publisher=University of California Press|year=1961|page=44}}</ref> is handed over to Emperor [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]], and moved to [[Trifels Castle]].
* King [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] ('''Augustus''') marries [[Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France|Ingeborg of Denmark]], daughter of King [[Valdemar I of Denmark|Valdemar I]] ('''the Great'''). After the marriage, Philip changes his mind, wishes to obtain a separation, and attempts to send her back to [[Denmark]].<ref name=EB1911>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Ingeborg |volume=14 |page=563}}</ref>
* King [[Tancred, King of Sicily|Tancred of Sicily]] arranges a marriage between his son [[Roger III of Sicily|Roger III]] and the 12-year-old [[Irene Angelina]], daughter of the Byzantine emperor [[Isaac II Angelos|Isaac II]] ('''Angelos'''). Roger suddenly dies on [[December 24]].

==== Asia ====
* Ghurid forces under [[Qutb al-Din Aibak]] capture [[Delhi]]. General [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji]] sacks and burns the ancient city of [[Nalanda]], India's greatest [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] seat of learning, and the university of [[Vikramashila]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Buddha and the Sahibs|authorlink=Charles Allen (writer)|first=Charles|last=Allen|year=2002}}</ref>
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