Editing 1156 (section)

=== By place ===

==== Levant ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Raynald of Châtillon]], prince of [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]], makes an alliance with [[Thoros II, Prince of Armenia|Thoros II]] ('''the Great'''), ruler of [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia|Armenian Cilicia]]. He invades [[Cyprus]] and conducts a widespread plundering of the Byzantine island.<ref>Ghazarian, Jacob G. (2000). ''The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia during the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins (1080–1393''. Routledge Curzon (Taylor & Francis Group), 2000, Abingdon. {{ISBN|0-7007-1418-9}}.</ref> The Crusaders and the Armenian forces march up and down the island robbing and pillaging every building, church and convent as well as shops and private houses. The crops are burnt; the herds are rounded up – together with all the population – and driven down to the coast. The massacre lasts about three weeks; on the rumor of a Byzantine fleet in the offing, Raynald gives the order for embarkation. The Crusader ships are loaded with booty, and every Cypriot is forced to ransom himself.<ref>Runciman, Steven (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 283. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
[[Image:Henrik Lalli Ekman.JPG|thumb|''The murder of [[Henry, Bishop of Uppsala|St. Henry]] by [[Lalli]]'', painting by Karl Anders Ekman (1854)]]
* [[January 20]] &ndash; Freeholder [[Lalli]] slays the English missionary-bishop [[Bishop Henry|Henry]] with an axe, on the ice of Lake [[Köyliönjärvi]] in [[Finland]] (according to [[legend]]).
* [[February]] &ndash; [[Domenico Morosini]], doge of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] ([[Morosini family|House of Morosini]]), dies after an 8-year reign. He is succeeded by [[Vitale II Michiel]] as ruler of Venice.
* [[May 28]] &ndash; King [[William I of Sicily|William I]] ('''the Bad''') lands with a Sicilian expeditionary force in [[Apulia]]. He defeats the Byzantine army at [[Brindisi]] and recaptures [[Bari]]. 
* [[June 9]] &ndash; Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] ('''Barbarossa''') marries [[Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy|Beatrice I]], daughter of [[Reginald III, Count of Burgundy|Reginald III]], adding the [[County of Burgundy]] to the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
* [[June 18]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Adrian IV|Adrian IV]] comes to terms, and signs the [[Treaty of Benevento]]. He recognises the suzerainty of William I as ruler of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] and [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Kleinhenz|first=Christopher|title=Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia|year=2010|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-93930-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1piMMqjAf1MC&q=gran+tavola+bonsignori|page=95}}</ref>
* [[September 17]] &ndash; Frederick I makes the [[Margraviate of Austria]] a duchy and gives the [[Babenberg|Babenberg Dynasty]] special privileges (the ''[[Privilegium Minus]]'').
* [[Yuri Dolgorukiy]], Grand Prince of [[Principality of Kiev|Kiev]], founds and fortifies the town of [[Moscow]] and erects a wooden [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]] within the settlement (approximate date).
* [[December 25]] &ndash; King [[Sverker I of Sweden|Sverker I]] ('''the Elder''') is murdered on his way to church. He is succeeded by his rival, [[Eric IX of Sweden|Eric IX]] ('''the Holy'''), as ruler of [[Sweden]].

==== Africa ====
* The independent city-state [[Sfax]] revolts against [[Italo-Normans|Norman]] occupation. [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] forces conquer the city and massacre the Christian citizens.<ref name="escape libyeb">{{cite journal |last=Bresc |first=Henri |year=2003 |title=La Sicile et l'espace libyen au Moyen Age |url=http://www.storiamediterranea.it/public/md1_dir/b1462.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=187–208 |jstor=25734500 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.storiamediterranea.it/public/md1_dir/b1462.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |access-date=17 January 2012}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[July 28]] &ndash; The [[Hōgen rebellion]], a dispute between Emperor [[Emperor Go-Shirakawa|Go-Shirakawa]] and his half-brother retired-Emperor [[Emperor Sutoku|Sutoku]], erupts in [[Japan]].