Editing 1078 (section)

=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Nikephoros III Botaneiates|Nikephoros Botaneiates]], a Byzantine general (''[[strategos]]'') of the [[Anatolic Theme|Theme of the Anatolics]], revolts against Emperor [[Michael VII Doukas]]. With the support of the [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuk Turks]] who provide him with troops, Nikephoros marches upon [[İznik|Nicaea]] (modern [[Turkey]]). He defeats the imperial army and proclaims himself emperor.
* [[March 24]] &ndash; Nikephoros Botaneiates enters [[Constantinople]] in triumph and is crowned by Patriarch [[Cosmas I of Constantinople|Cosmas I]] as emperor Nikephoros III of the [[Byzantine Empire]]. Michael VII resigns his throne after a 7-year reign and retires into the [[Monastery of Stoudios]].<ref>John Julius Norwich (1991). ''Byzantium: The Apogee'', p. 361. {{ISBN|0-394-53779-3}}.</ref>
* [[Battle of Kalavrye]]: The imperial forces of General [[Alexios I Komnenos|Alexios Komnenos]] are victorious over the rebellious army (12,000 men) under [[Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder]], governor (''[[Dux|doux]]'') of the [[Dyrrhachium (theme)|Theme of Dyrrhachium]]. Bryennios is captured and later blinded.
* [[Philaretos Brachamios]] abandons his claim to the Byzantine throne, on being appointed governor of [[Antioch]], a foundation of the later [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]].

==== Europe ====
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[Battle of Mellrichstadt]]: Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] defeats the German anti-king [[Rudolf of Rheinfelden]], duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]], near [[Mellrichstadt]] (modern [[Germany]]).
* [[October 3]] &ndash; Grand Prince [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav I]] dies, and is succeeded by [[Vsevolod I of Kiev|Vsevolod I]], who unites the principalities – [[Kyiv]], [[Principality of Chernigov|Chernigov]] and [[Principality of Pereyaslavl|Pereyaslavl]] – in [[Kievan Rus']].<ref>Martin, Janet (1993). ''Medieval Russia, 980–1584'', pp. 33–35. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-67636-6}}.</ref>

==== England ====
* Approximate date &ndash; The [[White Tower (Tower of London)|White Tower]] of the [[Tower of London]] is begun, under the direction of [[Gundulf of Rochester|Gundulf]] (or Gundulph), bishop of [[Diocese of Rochester|Rochester]].

==== Africa ====
* The [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] emir, [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]], besieges [[Ceuta]]. Since the city can receive help from the sea, the [[siege]] will last until [[1083]].

==== China ====
* By this year, the [[Ferrous metallurgy|iron industry]] in the [[Song dynasty]] is producing a total weight of 127,000,000 kg (125,000 t) of [[Cast iron|iron]] product per year.