Editing 1075 (section)

=== By place ===

====Africa====
* The [[Kingdom of Mapungubwe]] is established, in modern-day [[South Africa]].

====Byzantine Empire====
* The future Emperor Alexios Komnenos captures the Norman rebel [[Roussel de Bailleul]] in [[Amasya|Amaseia]]. Roussel had established a principality in eastern [[Anatolia]] in 1073 after rebelling against Emperor [[Michael VII Doukas]], basing his power on his western mercenaries and local support in exchange for protection against invading Turkmen.<ref>Alexander Daniel Beihammer (2017). ''Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, Ca. 1040-1130'', p. 210-212.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[June 9]] &ndash; First [[Battle of Langensalza (1075)|Battle of Langensalza]]: Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] defeats the Saxon nobles on the [[Unstrut|River Unstrut]] near [[Bad Langensalza|Langensalza]] in [[Thuringia]] (modern [[Germany]]). He subjugates [[Saxony]], and immediately tries to reassert his rights as the sovereign of northern [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]].
* [[Anund Gårdske]] is deposed as king of [[Svealand]] (also called [[Sweden proper]]). King [[Håkan the Red]] of [[Götaland]] proclaims himself ruler of all [[Sweden]].

==== England ====
* [[Revolt of the Earls]]: The Earls [[Ralph de Gael]], [[Roger de Breteuil, 2nd Earl of Hereford|Roger de Breteuil]] and [[Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria|Waltheof]], begin a revolt against King [[William the Conqueror|William I]] ('''the Conqueror''') in the last serious act of resistance to the [[Norman Conquest of England|Norman Conquest]].
* Roger de Breteuil is brought before the [[Magnum Concilium|Great Council]]. He is deprived of his lands and sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. Ralph de Gael and Waltheof are charged as co-conspirators.
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Council of London in 1075|Council of London]]: Archbishop [[Lanfranc]] instigates the movement of English bishoprics. One of these is the bishopric of [[Sherborne]] and [[Wiltshire|Wilton]] which is moved to [[Old Sarum]].

==== Asia ====
* Summer &ndash; [[Shen Kuo]], Chinese [[polymath]] scientist and statesman, solves a border dispute with the [[Liao dynasty]] by dredging up old diplomatic records. He refutes Emperor [[Emperor Daozong of Liao|Dao Zong]]'s bluffs point for point during a meeting at Mt. Yongan (near modern-day [[Pingquan]]), reestablishing the rightful borders of the [[Song dynasty]].
* Vietnamese forces under General [[Lý Thường Kiệt]] defend [[Vietnam]] against a Chinese invasion.
* The Liao dynasty version of the Buddhist [[Tripiṭaka]] is completed (approximate date).