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===Pollution=== Sewage [[effluent]] is a major cause of water [[pollution]] around urban areas, as inadequate [[Water treatment|water-treatment facilities]] in all the major cities of the region release untreated sewage into the river. This has resulted in [[eutrophication]] of the river water and has facilitated the spread of diseases of poor hygiene such as [[cholera]], [[typhus]], and [[dysentery]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Herbig |first=Friedo J. W. |date=2019-01-01 |editor-last=Meissner |editor-first=Richard |title=Talking dirty - effluent and sewage irreverence in South Africa: A conservation crime perspective |journal=Cogent Social Sciences |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=1701359 |doi=10.1080/23311886.2019.1701359 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
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