Editing Xiongnu (section)

==== Juqu clan and Northern Liang dynasty (401–460) ====
{{Main|Northern Liang|Lushuihu}}
The Juqu clan were a [[Lushuihu]] family that founded the [[Northern Liang|Northern Liang dynasty]] in modern-day [[Gansu]] in 397. Recent historiographies often classify the Northern Liang as a "Xiongnu" state, but there is still ongoing debate on the exact origin of the Lushuihu. A leading theory is that the Lushuihu were descendants of the [[Yuezhi|Lesser Yuezhi]] that had intermingled with the [[Qiang (historical people)|Qiang]] people, but based on the fact that the Juqu's ancestors once served the Xiongnu empire, the Lushuihu could still be considered a branch of the Xiongnu. Regardless, contemporaneous records treat the Lushuihu as a distinct ethnic group.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zhou |first=Yiliang |title=《魏晋南北朝史论集》 |date=June 1997 |publisher=[[Beijing University Press]] |isbn=978-7-301-03191-9 |location=Beijing |language=zh |chapter=〈北朝的民族問題與民族政策〉}}</ref>{{sfn|Tang|2010|loc=ch.〈魏晋杂胡考 二 卢水胡〉}} The Northern Liang was known for its propagation of [[Buddhism]] in Gansu through their construction of Buddhist sites such as the [[Tiantishan Caves|Tiantishan]] and [[Mogao Caves|Mogao]] caves, and for being the last of the so-called Sixteen Kingdoms after it was conquered by the [[Northern Wei|Northern Wei dynasty]] in 439.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bell |first1=Alexander Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=77hHrXX4COgC&pg=PA107 |title=Didactic Narration: Jataka Iconography in Dunhuang with a Catalogue of Jataka Representations in China |date=2000 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-8258-5134-7 |page=107 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Whitfield |first1=Roderick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EWmmCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA55 |title=Cave Temples of Mogao at Dunhuang: Art History on the Silk Road: Second Edition |last2=Whitfield |first2=Susan |last3=Agnew |first3=Neville |date=15 September 2015 |publisher=Getty Publications |isbn=978-1-60606-445-0 |page=55 |language=en}}</ref> There was also the Northern Liang of [[Gaochang]], which existed between 442 and 460.