Editing Wuthering Heights (section)

==== Gothic novel ====
[[File:Heathcliff Under the Tree by Fritz Eichenberg (1943).jpg|thumb|upright|''Heathcliff Under the Tree'', wood engraving by [[Fritz Eichenberg]] from a 1943 edition]]
[[Horace Walpole]]'s ''[[The Castle of Otranto]]'' (1764) is usually considered the first gothic novel. Walpole's declared aim was to combine elements of the [[medieval romance]], which he deemed too fanciful, and the modern novel, which he considered to be too confined to strict [[Realism (arts)|realism]].<ref>{{cite book |first=David |last=Punter |year=2004 |title=The Gothic |location=London |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |page=178}}</ref>

More recently [[Ellen Moers]], in ''Literary Women'', developed a feminist theory that connects female writers such as Emily Brontë with [[gothic fiction]].<ref name=Moers1978 /> Catherine Earnshaw has been identified by some critics as a type of gothic demon because she "[[shape-shifts]]" in order to marry Edgar Linton, assuming a domesticity that is contrary to her true nature.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beauvais |first=Jennifer |url=https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/ron/2006-n44-ron1433/013999ar/ |title=Domesticity and the Female Demon in Charlotte Dacre's Zofloya and Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights |journal=Romanticism on the Net |number=44 |date=November 2006  |doi=10.7202/013999ar}}</ref> It has also been suggested that Catherine's relationship with Heathcliff conforms to the "dynamics of the Gothic romance, in that the woman falls prey to the more or less demonic instincts of her lover, suffers from the violence of his feelings, and at the end is entangled by his thwarted passion".<ref>{{cite journal |first=Cristina |last=Ceron |url=http://lisa.revues.org/3504 |title=Emily and Charlotte Brontë's Re-reading of the Byronic hero |journal=Revue LISA/LISA e-journal, Writers, writings, Literary studies, document 2 |date=9 March 2010 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.4000/lisa.3504  |s2cid=164623107 |language=fr|doi-access=free }}</ref> See also the discussion of the daemonic below, under "Religion".

At one point in the novel Heathcliff is thought a vampire. It has been suggested that both he and Catherine are in fact meant to be seen as vampire-like personalities.<ref>{{cite book|last=Reed|first=Toni|url=https://archive.org/details/demonloverstheir00reed|title=Demon-lovers and Their Victims in British Fiction|date=30 July 1988|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=0813116635|page=[https://archive.org/details/demonloverstheir00reed/page/70 70]|quote=Wuthering Heights vampire.|access-date=30 July 2018|url-access=registration|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Senf|first=Carol A |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RdqOAb5NA5wC&pg=PA78 |title=The Vampire in Nineteenth Century English Literature|date=1 February 2013|publisher=University of Wisconsin Pres |isbn=978-0-299-26383-6 |access-date=30 July 2018 |via=Google Books}}</ref>