Editing Wild boar (section)

===Introduction and lack of control in South America===
[[File:Distribution of feral pigs and wild boars in Brazil.png|thumb|right|250px|Distribution of wild boar and "javaporco" in Brazil as of 2022. In red: [[Federative units of Brazil|States]] with registered sightings.]]

In [[South America]], the European boar is believed to have been introduced for the first time in [[Argentina]] and [[Uruguay]] around the 20th century for breeding purposes.<ref name=ref01>{{cite web |url=http://animalivre.uol.com.br/home/?tipo=noticia&id=1791 |title=As espécies invasoras representam um perigo á biodiversidade |publisher=animalivre.uol.com.br |author=Vininha F. Carvalho |date=2007-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612051636/http://animalivre.uol.com.br/home/?tipo=noticia&id=1791 |access-date=2021-05-25|archive-date=12 June 2007 }}</ref> In [[Brazil]], the creation of wild boar and hybrids started on a large scale in the mid-1990s. With the invasion of wild boar that crossed the border and entered [[Rio Grande do Sul]] around 1989, and the escape and intentional release by several Brazilian breeders in the late 1990s – in response to a [[IBAMA]] decision against the import and breeding of wild boar in 1998 – numerous [[feral]] species formed a growing population, which progressively advances in Brazilian territory.<ref name=ref02>{{cite web |url=http://www.naturezaeconservacao.com.br/en/current-distribution-invasive-feral-pigs/articulo/S1679007315000092/ |title=Current distribution of invasive feral pigs in Brazil: economic impacts and ecological uncertainty |publisher=naturezaeconservacao.com.br |author1=Felipe Pedrosa |author2=Rafael Salerno |author3=Fabio Vinicius Borges Padilha |author4=Mauro Galetti |date=2015-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420075221/http://www.naturezaeconservacao.com.br/en/current-distribution-invasive-feral-pigs/articulo/S1679007315000092/ |access-date=2021-05-25 |archive-date=20 April 2018 }}</ref><ref name=ref03>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282659323 |title=Ecology and management of Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in South America |author=Carlos H. Salvador |date=2012-07-03 |access-date=2021-05-25}}</ref>

====Pest control in Brazil====
As a form of control for the wild boar population, hunting and killing are allowed for [[Collectors, Shooters and Hunters]] (CACs)<ref name=cacjvl>{{cite web |url=https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/736192-projeto-regulamenta-a-caca-esportiva-de-animais-no-brasil/ |title=Projeto regulamenta a caça esportiva de animais no Brasil |publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] |author=Murilo Souza and Cláudia Lemos |date=2021-03-22 |access-date=2021-05-25 |archive-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525043855/https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/736192-projeto-regulamenta-a-caca-esportiva-de-animais-no-brasil/ |url-status=live }}</ref> duly registered by the environmental control agency, [[IBAMA]], which, on the other hand, seeks to encourage the preservation of similar species of native [[peccary|peccaries]], such as the ''"[[White-lipped peccary|queixada]]"'' and the ''"[[Collared peccary|caititu]]"''.<ref name=pltstn>{{cite web |url=http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/noticia/ambiente/brasil-autoriza-caca-javali-europeu-especie-invasora-732861.shtml |title=Brasil autoriza caça de javali-europeu em seu território |publisher=planetasustentavel.abril.com.br |author=Débora Spitzcovsky |work=Planeta Sustentï¿½vel |date=2013-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202071827/http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/noticia/ambiente/brasil-autoriza-caca-javali-europeu-especie-invasora-732861.shtml |access-date=2021-05-25|archive-date=2 February 2017 }}</ref><ref name=glbrbp>{{cite web |url=http://g1.globo.com/sp/ribeirao-preto-franca/noticia/2015/09/ameaca-lavouras-javalis-sao-alvo-de-caca-autorizada-no-interior-de-sp.html |title=Ameaça às lavouras, javalis são alvo de caça autorizada no interior de SP |publisher=g1.globo.com |author=Fernanda Testa |date=2015-09-13 |access-date=2021-05-25 |archive-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525044313/http://g1.globo.com/sp/ribeirao-preto-franca/noticia/2015/09/ameaca-lavouras-javalis-sao-alvo-de-caca-autorizada-no-interior-de-sp.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=glbrl>{{cite web |url=https://revistagloborural.globo.com/Noticias/noticia/2016/02/aberta-temporada-de-caca-ao-javali-no-sul-e-sudeste.html |title=Aberta a temporada de caça ao javali no Sul e Sudeste |publisher=revistagloborural.globo.com |author=Bruna de Alencar, Vinicius Galera e Venilson Ferreira |date=2016-02-10 |access-date=2021-05-25 |archive-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525051823/https://revistagloborural.globo.com/Noticias/noticia/2016/02/aberta-temporada-de-caca-ao-javali-no-sul-e-sudeste.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Effect on other habitats====

Wild boars negatively impact other habitats through the destruction of the environment, or homes of wildlife. When wild boars invade new areas, they adapt to the new area by trampling and rooting, as well as displacing many saplings/nutrients. This causes a decrease in growing of many plants and trees. Water is also affected negatively by wild boars. When wild boars are active in streams, or small pools of water, it causes increased turbidity (excessive silt and particle suspension).<ref>{{Cite web|last=State|first=Mississippi|date=11 November 2021|title=Environmental Damage|url=https://www.wildpiginfo.msstate.edu/damage/environment.php|url-status=live|website=Mississippi State University|access-date=13 November 2021|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105083618/https://www.wildpiginfo.msstate.edu/damage/environment.php}}</ref> In some cases, the fecal coliform concentration increases to dangerous levels because of wild boars. Aquatic wildlife is affected, more prominently fish, and amphibians. Wild boars have caused a great decrease in over 300 animal or plant species, 250 being endangered or threatened.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 2020 |title=FERAL SWINE: Impacts on Threatened and Endangered Species |work=United States Department of Agriculture |url=https://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/wildlife_damage/fsc-feral-swine-impacts-tes.pdf |access-date=11 November 2021 |archive-date=11 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111214707/https://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/wildlife_damage/fsc-feral-swine-impacts-tes.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The boars cause many habitats to become less diverse because of their feeding behaviors and predation. Wild boars will dig up eggs of species and eat them, as well as killing other wildlife for food. When these boars compete with other species for resources, they usually come out successful.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lashley |first=Marcus |title=Feral pigs harm wildlife and biodiversity as well as crops |url=http://theconversation.com/feral-pigs-harm-wildlife-and-biodiversity-as-well-as-crops-120066 |access-date=2021-11-11 |website=The Conversation |date=26 August 2019 |language=en |archive-date=5 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105094757/https://theconversation.com/feral-pigs-harm-wildlife-and-biodiversity-as-well-as-crops-120066 |url-status=live }}</ref> A study published in the Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology was conducted on the results of Feral Swine control. Only two years after the control started, the amount of turtle nests jumped from 57 to 143, and the turtle nest predation percent dropped from 74 to 15.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hogs Gone Wild |url=https://www.nwf.org/Home/Magazines/National-Wildlife/2019/Oct-Nov/Animals/Feral-Hogs |access-date=2021-11-11 |website=National Wildlife Federation |language=en |archive-date=11 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111214932/https://www.nwf.org/Home/Magazines/National-Wildlife/2019/Oct-Nov/Animals/Feral-Hogs |url-status=live }}</ref> They kill and eat deers, lizards, birds, snakes, and more. These boars are called "opportunist omnivores", which means they eat almost anything. This means they can survive almost anywhere. A big surplus of food and the ability to adapt to any new place causes lots of breeding. All of these factors make it difficult to get rid of wild boars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=By |date=2019-07-01 |title=Feral pigs are ruining ecosystems across 35 states and hunting is making it worse |url=https://www.popsci.com/feral-pig-problem/ |access-date=2021-11-13 |website=Popular Science |language=en-US |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113184630/https://www.popsci.com/feral-pig-problem/ |url-status=live }}</ref>