Editing Western Sahara (section)

== Demographics ==
{{Main |Demographics of Western Sahara}}{{Update|part=section|date=June 2024|reason=Most recent info date says 2008}}[[File:Empty Town Western Sahara.JPG|thumb|Morocco built several empty towns in Western Sahara, ready for refugees returning from Tindouf.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wobook.com/WB6H8MF6zj5s-14/actuel/actuel43.html|title=L'Actuel Maroc, no. 43 (April 2012), p.22|access-date=3 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006115208/http://www.wobook.com/WB6H8MF6zj5s-14/actuel/actuel43.html|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]

The indigenous population of Western Sahara is usually known in Western media as [[Sahrawi people|Sahrawis]], but they are also referred to in Morocco as "Southerners" or "Southern Berbers". They are [[Hassaniya Arabic|Hassaniya]]-speaking or [[Berber language|Berber]]-speaking tribes of [[Berber people|Berber]] origin ([[Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA)#E-M183|97% of Y-DNA]]). Many of them have mixed [[Arab-Berber|Berber-Arab]] heritage, effectively continuations of the tribal groupings of Hassaniya-speaking and [[Zenaga language|Zenaga]]-Berber speaking [[Moors|Moorish]] tribes extending south into Mauritania and north into Morocco as well as east into Algeria. The Sahrawis are traditionally nomadic Bedouins with a lifestyle very similar to that of the [[Tuareg people|Tuareg Berbers]] from whom Sahrawis most likely have descended, and they can be found in all surrounding countries. War and conflict has led to major population displacement.

As of July 2004, an estimated 267,405 people (excluding about 160,000 Moroccan military personnel) lived in the Moroccan-controlled parts of Western Sahara. Many people from parts of Morocco have come to live in the territory, and these latest arrivals are today thought to outnumber the indigenous Western Sahara Sahrawis. The precise size and composition of the population is subject to political controversy.

The Polisario-controlled parts of Western Sahara are barren. This area has a sparse population, estimated to be approximately 30,000 in 2008.<ref name="nrc.no" /> The population is primarily made up of nomads who engage in herding camels back and forth between the [[Tindouf]] area and Mauritania. The presence of land mines scattered throughout the territory by the Moroccan army makes this a dangerous way of life.

=== Spanish census and MINURSO ===
A 1974 Spanish census claimed there were some 74,000 Sahrawis in the area at the time (in addition to approximately 20,000 Spanish residents), but this number is likely to be on the low side, due to the difficulty in counting a nomad people, even if Sahrawis were by the mid-1970s mostly urbanized. Despite these possible inaccuracies, Morocco and the Polisario Front agreed on using the Spanish census as the basis for voter registration when striking a [[cease-fire]] agreement in the late 1980s, contingent on the holding of a referendum on independence or integration into Morocco.

In December 1999, the United Nations' [[MINURSO]] mission announced that it had identified 86,425 eligible voters for the referendum that was supposed to be held under the 1991 [[Settlement plan]] and the 1997 [[Houston accords]]. By "eligible voter" the UN referred to any Sahrawi over 18 years of age that was part of the Spanish census or could prove their descent from someone who was. These 86,425 Sahrawis were dispersed between Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara and the refugee camps in Algeria, with smaller numbers in Mauritania and other places of exile. These numbers cover only Sahrawis 'indigenous' to Western Sahara during the Spanish colonial period, not the total number of "ethnic" Sahrawis (i.e., members of Sahrawi tribal groupings), who also extend into Mauritania, Morocco and Algeria. The number was highly politically significant due to the expected organization of a referendum on self-determination.

The Polisario has its home base in the [[Sahrawi refugee camps in Tindouf Province, Algeria|Tindouf refugee camps]] in Algeria, and declares the number of Sahrawi population in the camps to be approximately 155,000. Morocco disputes this number, saying it is exaggerated for political reasons and for attracting more foreign aid. The UN uses a number of 90,000 "most vulnerable" refugees as basis for its food aid program.