Editing West Pakistan (section)

==Domestic affairs==
{{See also|Federally Administered Tribal Areas|Provincially Administered Tribal Areas|Terrorism in Pakistan}}

===Position toward East Pakistan===
During West Pakistan's conflict with India, East Pakistan's military government remained silent and did not send any troops to exert pressure on [[East India|Eastern India]]. West Pakistan accused East Pakistan of not taking any action, and their inaction caused West Pakistani resentment against East Pakistan's government.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} In fact, the [[Indian Air Force]] [[Eastern Air Command, Indian Air Force|Eastern Air Command]] attacked East Pakistan's Air Force. However, East Pakistan was defended only by the under-strength 14th Infantry Division and sixteen fighter jets; no tanks and no navy were established in East Pakistan.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}}

===Days of disintegration===
The [[One Unit]] policy was regarded as a rational administrative reform that would reduce expenditure and eliminate provincial prejudices.<ref name="Story of Pakistan (West Pakistan Established as One Unit [1955])">{{cite web|last=SoP|title=Story of Pakistan (West Pakistan Established as One Unit [1955] )|date=June 2003|url=http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A137|publisher=Story of Pakistan (West Pakistan Established as One Unit [1955])|access-date=25 March 2012}}</ref> West Pakistan formed a seemingly [[wikt:Homogeneous|homogeneous]] block, but in reality it comprised marked linguistic and ethnic distinctions. The four provinces did not quite fit official definitions of a single nation.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, 9 August 2011">{{cite news|last=Rehman|first=Asha’ar|title=One Province leads to many|url=http://www.dawn.com/2011/08/09/one-province-leads-to-many.html|access-date=25 March 2012|newspaper=Dawn Newspapers|date=9 August 2011}}</ref>

The [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]] and [[Urdu speaking|Urdu-speaking class]] in [[Sindh Province]] revolted against the One Unit policy.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, 28 March 2004">{{cite news|last=Amar Jaleel|title=An unforgivable front|url=http://archives.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/040328/dmag3.htm|access-date=25 March 2012|newspaper=Dawn Newspapers|date=28 March 2004}}</ref> The violence spread to [[Balochistan Province]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]] and [[Punjab Province (Pakistan)|Punjab Province]]. The [[One Unit]] policy was a failure in West Pakistan, and its survival was seen as improbable.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers, 28 March 2004"/> However, with the military coup of 1958, trouble loomed for the province when the office of Chief Minister was abolished and the President took over executive powers for West Pakistan.<ref name="Story of Pakistan (West Pakistan Established as One Unit [1955])"/>

===Influence of socialism===
{{Main|Socialism in Pakistan}}
Due to West Pakistan's close relations with the United States and the [[capitalist state]]s, the influence of [[Socialism in Pakistan|socialism]] had far more deeper roots in the West Pakistan population. The population favoured socialism but never allied with [[communism]].{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} The [[Pakistan Socialist Party]] had previously lost support due to its anti-Pakistan clauses during the time of the pre-independence movement. However, despite initiatives to improve the population during the Ayub Khan's government, the poor masses did not enjoy the benefits and reforms that were enjoyed by the [[middle class|middle]] and [[gentry]] classes of Pakistan.

After the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]], the cultural revolution, resentment, hostility towards the government began to arise when the population felt that "Kashmir cause" was betrayed by President Ayub Khan. Problems further mounted after [[Foreign minister]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] was sacked and vowed to take a revenge. After gathering and uniting the scattered [[democratic socialist]] and [[Marxist]] masses, Bhutto founded the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] in 1967. The socialists tapped a wave of antipathy against the United States-allied president. The socialists integrated in poor and urban provinces of West Pakistan, educating people to cast their vote for their better future, and the importance of democracy was widely sensed in the entire country. The socialists, under Bhutto's guidance and leadership, played a vital role in managing [[Strike action|labour strikes]] and [[civil disobedience]] to challenge Khan's authority. The military government responded fiercely after arresting the senior socialists' leadership, notably Bhutto, [[Mubashir Hassan]], and [[Malik Meraj Khalid|Malick Mirage]]. This sparked gruesome violence in West Pakistan, thereby increasing pressure on Khan that he was unable to endure. Khan called for a [[Round Table Conference]] in Rawalpindi, but socialists led by Bhutto refused to accept Ayub's continuation in office and rejected the [[Six point movement|6 Point Movement]] for regional autonomy put forth in 1966 by East Pakistani politician [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]].

In 1969, Khan handed over power to Army Chief of Staff General [[Yahya Khan]], who promised to hold elections within two years. Meantime, Bhutto extensively worked to gather and unite the country's [[left-wing]] organisations, which, under [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto|Bhutto]]'s leadership, participated with full force and became vital players in the country's politics.