Editing Washing machine (section)

===Comparison===
True front-loading machines, top-loading machines with horizontal-axis drums, and true top-loading vertical-axis machines can be compared on several aspects:

* Efficient cleaning: Front loaders usually use less energy, water, and detergent compared to the best top-loaders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lanfaxlabs.com.au/washing_machines.htm | title=Laundry Products Research | date=March 2008}}</ref> High-efficiency washers use 20% to 60% of the detergent, water, and energy of "standard" commonly-used top-loader washers. They usually take somewhat longer (20–110 minutes) to wash a load, but are often computer controlled with additional sensors, to adapt the wash cycle to the needs of each load.
* Water usage: Front-loaders usually use less water than top-loading residential clothes washers. Estimates are that front-loaders use from one-third <ref>{{cite web |url=http://housewares.about.com/lw/Home-Garden/Home-improvement-renovation/Top-Loading-vs-Front-Loading-Washers-Which-is-Better-.htm |title=About.com |access-date=2010-10-26 |archive-date=2010-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614071512/http://housewares.about.com/lw/Home-Garden/Home-improvement-renovation/Top-Loading-vs-Front-Loading-Washers-Which-is-Better-.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> to one half<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/home/appliances/washers.html | title=Consumer Energy Center}}</ref> as much water as top-loaders.
* Spin-dry effectiveness: Front-loaders (and European horizontal-axis top-loaders and some front-loaders) offer much higher maximum spin speeds of up to 2000&nbsp;[[revolutions per minute|RPM]], although home machines tend to be in the 1000 to 1400&nbsp;RPM range, while top-loaders (with agitators) do not exceed 1140&nbsp;RPM. High-efficiency top-loaders with a wash plate (instead of an agitator) can spin up to 1100&nbsp;RPM, as their center of gravity is lower. Higher spin speeds, along with the diameter of the drum, determine the [[g-force]], and a higher g-force removes more residual water, making clothes dry faster. This also reduces energy consumption if clothes are dried in a [[clothes dryer]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Which Spin Cycle Should I Use?|url=https://www.domex-uk.co.uk/help-advice/which-spin-cycle-should-i-use/|website=Domex Ltd|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref>
* Cycle length: Top-loaders have tended to have shorter cycle times, in part because their design has traditionally emphasized simplicity and speed of operation more than resource conservation. It is observed that top-loaders wash the clothes in half the time as compared to a front-load washing machine.
* Wear and abrasion: Top-loaders require an agitator or impeller mechanism to force enough water through clothes to clean them effectively, which greatly increases mechanical wear and tear on fabrics. Front-loaders use paddles in the drum to repeatedly pick up and drop clothes into the water for cleaning; this gentler action causes less wear and tear. The rate of clothes wear can be roughly gauged by the amount of accumulation in a clothes dryer [[lint (material)|lint]] filter, since the lint largely consists of stray fibers detached from textiles during washing and drying.
* Difficult items: Top-loaders may have trouble cleaning large items, such as [[sleeping bag]]s or [[pillow]]s, which tend to float on top of the wash water rather than circulate within it. In addition, vigorous top-loader agitator motions may damage delicate fabrics. Whereas in a front-load washing machine, one can easily wash pillows, shoes, soft toys, and other difficult-to-wash items.
* Noise: Front-loaders tend to operate more quietly than top-loaders because the door seal helps contain noise, and because there is less of a tendency towards imbalance. Top loaders usually need a [[mechanical transmission]] (due to agitators, see above), which can generate more noise than the rubber belt or direct drive found in most front-loaders.
* Compactness: True front-loading machines may be installed underneath counter-height work surfaces. A front-loading washing machine, in a fully fitted kitchen, may even be disguised as a [[kitchen cabinet]]. These models can also be convenient in homes with limited floor area, since the clothes dryer may be installed directly above the washer ("stacked" configuration).
* Water leakage: Top-loading machines are less prone to leakage because simple [[gravity]] reliably keeps water from spilling out the loading door on top. True front-loading machines require a flexible seal or gasket on the front door, and the front door must be locked during operation to prevent opening, lest large amounts of water spill out. This seal may leak and require replacement. However, many current front-loaders use so little water that they can be stopped mid-cycle for the addition or removal of laundry, while keeping the water level in the horizontal tub below the door level. Best practice installations of either type of machine will include a [[floor drain]] or an overflow catch tray with a drain connection, since neither design is immune to leakage or a [[solenoid valve]] getting stuck in the open position.
* Maintenance and reliability: Top-loading washers are more tolerant of maintenance neglect, and may not need a regular "freshening" cycle to clean door seals and bellows. During the spin cycle, a top-loading tub is free to move about inside the cabinet of the machine, using only a lip around the top of the inner basket and outer tub to keep the spinning water and clothing from spraying out over the edge. Therefore, the potentially problematic door-sealing and door-locking mechanisms used by true front-loaders are not needed. On the other hand, top-loaders use mechanical gearboxes that are more vulnerable to wear than simpler front-load motor drives.
* Accessibility and ergonomics: Front-loaders are more convenient for shorter people and those with [[paraplegia]], as the controls are front-mounted and the horizontal drum eliminates the need for standing or climbing. Risers, also referred to as pedestals, often with storage drawers underneath, can be used to raise the door of a true front-loader closer to the user's level. However, if stacked, the dryer controls, if at the top of the dryer, may be too tall for shorter people to conveniently access.
* Initial cost: In countries where top-loaders are popular, front-loaders tend to be more expensive to buy than top-loaders, though their lower operating costs can lead to lower [[total cost of ownership]], especially if energy, detergent, or water are expensive. On the other hand, in countries with a large front-loader user base, top-loaders are usually seen as alternatives and more expensive than basic off-brand front-loaders, although without many differences in [[total cost of ownership]] apart from design-originated ones. In addition, manufacturers have tended to include more advanced features such as internal water heating, automatic dirt sensors, and high-speed emptying on front loaders, although some of these features could be implemented on top loaders.