Editing Vulgate (section)

=== Manuscripts and early editions ===
{{Main|Vulgate manuscripts}}
[[File:Codex Amiatinus - Gospel of Mark, chapter 1.jpg|thumb|A page from the ''[[Codex Amiatinus]]'' containing the beginning of the [[Gospel of Mark]]]]
A number of [[Vulgate manuscripts|manuscripts containing or reflecting the Vulgate]] survive today. Dating from the 8th&nbsp;century, the [[Codex Amiatinus]] is the earliest surviving [[manuscript]] of the complete Vulgate Bible. The [[Codex Fuldensis]], dating from around&nbsp;545, contains most of the New Testament in the Vulgate version, but the four [[gospel]]s are harmonised into a continuous narrative derived from the ''[[Diatessaron]]''.

==== Carolingian period ====
{{See also|:de:Alkuin-Bibeln}}
"The two best-known revisions of the Latin Scriptures in the early medieval period were made in the [[Carolingian period]] by [[Alcuin of York]] ({{Circa|730}}–840) and [[Theodulf of Orleans]] (750/760–821)."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Linde|first=Cornelia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxjGBwAAQBAJ|title=How to correct the Sacra scriptura? Textual criticism of the Latin Bible between the twelfth and fifteenth century|publisher=Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature|year=2011|isbn=978-0907570226|series=Medium Ævum Monographs 29|location=Oxford|pages=39|chapter=II.2 Medieval Editions}}</ref>

Alcuin of York oversaw efforts to make a Latin Bible, an exemplar of which was presented to [[Charlemagne]] in&nbsp;801. Alcuin's edition contained the Vulgate version. It appears Alcuin concentrated only on correcting errors of grammar, [[orthography]] and punctuation. "Even though Alcuin's revision of the Latin Bible was neither the first nor the last of the Carolingian period, it managed to prevail over the other versions and to become the most influential edition for centuries to come." The success of this Bible has been attributed to the fact that this Bible may have been "prescribed as the official version at the emperor's request." However, [[Bonifatius Fischer]] believes its success was rather due to the productivity of the scribes of [[Tours]] where Alcuin was abbot, at the [[Basilica of Saint Martin, Tours|monastery of Saint Martin]]; Fischer believes the emperor only favored the editorial work of Alcuin by encouraging work on the Bible in general.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Linde|first=Cornelia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxjGBwAAQBAJ|title=How to correct the Sacra scriptura? Textual criticism of the Latin Bible between the twelfth and fifteenth century|publisher=Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature|year=2011|isbn=978-0907570226|series=Medium Ævum Monographs 29|location=Oxford|pages=39–41|chapter=II.2 Medieval Editions}}</ref>

"Although, in contrast to Alcuin, Theodulf [of Orleans] clearly developed an editorial programme, his work on the Bible was far less influential than that of hs slightly older contemporary. Nevertheless, several manuscripts containing his version have come down to us." Theodulf added to his edition of the Bible the Book of Baruch, which Alcuin's edition did not contain; it is this version of the Book of Baruch which later became part of the Vulgate. In his editorial activity, on at least one manuscript of the Theodulf Bible (S Paris, BNF lat. 9398), Theodulf marked variant readings along with their sources in the margin of the manuscripts. Those marginal notes of variant readings along with their sources "seem to foreshadow the thirteenth-century ''[[Correctories|correctoria]]''."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Linde|first=Cornelia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxjGBwAAQBAJ|title=How to correct the Sacra scriptura? Textual criticism of the Latin Bible between the twelfth and fifteenth century|publisher=Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature|year=2011|isbn=978-0907570226|series=Medium Ævum Monographs 29|location=Oxford|pages=41–2|chapter=II.2 Medieval Editions}}</ref> In the 9th&nbsp;century the ''Vetus Latina'' texts of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah were introduced into the Vulgate in versions revised by Theodulf of Orleans and are found in a minority of early medieval Vulgate ''[[wiktionary:pandect#Noun|pandect]]'' bibles from that date onward.<ref name="Bogaert 2005 286–342" />

[[Cassiodorus]], [[Isidore of Sevilla]], and [[Stephen Harding]] also worked on editions of the Latin Bible. Isidore's edition as well as the edition of Cassiodorus "ha[ve] not come down to us."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Linde|first=Cornelia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxjGBwAAQBAJ|title=How to correct the Sacra scriptura? Textual criticism of the Latin Bible between the twelfth and fifteenth century|publisher=Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature|year=2011|isbn=978-0907570226|series=Medium Ævum Monographs 29|location=Oxford|pages=39, 250|chapter=II.2 Medieval Editions}}</ref>

By the 9th century, due to the success of Alcuin's edition, the Vulgate had replaced the ''Vetus Latina'' as the most available edition of the Latin Bible.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Linde|first=Cornelia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxjGBwAAQBAJ|title=How to correct the Sacra scriptura? Textual criticism of the Latin Bible between the twelfth and fifteenth century|publisher=Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature|year=2011|isbn=978-0907570226|series=Medium Ævum Monographs 29|location=Oxford|pages=47|chapter=II.2 Medieval Editions}}</ref>

==== Late Middle Ages ====
{{See also|Paris Bible}}
The [[University of Paris]], the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]], and the [[Franciscans]] assembled lists of ''correctoria''—approved readings—where variants had been noted.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Linde|first=Cornelia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxjGBwAAQBAJ|title=How to correct the Sacra scriptura? Textual criticism of the Latin Bible between the twelfth and fifteenth century|publisher=Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature|year=2011|isbn=978-0907570226|series=Medium Ævum Monographs 29|location=Oxford|pages=42–47|chapter=II.2 Medieval Editions}}</ref>