Editing Venice (section)

== Transport ==
=== In the historic centre ===
[[File:Gondola convoy, Grand Canal, Venice.jpg|thumb|Gondoliers on the [[Grand Canal (Venice)|Grand Canal]]]]
[[File:Paolo Monti - Serie fotografica (Venezia, 1965) - Sandolo - BEIC 6343165.jpg|thumb|Sandolo in a picture of [[Paolo Monti]] of 1965. Fondo Paolo Monti, [[Biblioteca europea di informazione e cultura|BEIC]].]]

Venice is built on an [[archipelago]] of 118 islands<ref name="UNESCO Venice" /> in a shallow, {{convert|550|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} [[Venetian lagoon|lagoon]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Poggioli |first=Sylvia |author-link=Sylvia Poggioli |title=MOSE Project Aims to Part Venice Floods |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17855145 |date=7 January 2008 |work=Morning Edition |type=Radio program |publisher=[[NPR]] |access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref> connected by 400 bridges<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.studyabroad.com/pages/sitecontent/venice.aspx |title=Venice Study Abroad |website=www.studyabroad.com |access-date=6 October 2010}}</ref> over 177 canals. In the 19th century, a causeway to the mainland brought the railroad to [[Venezia Santa Lucia railway station|Venice]]. The adjoining [[Ponte della Libertà]] road causeway and terminal parking facilities in Tronchetto island and Piazzale Roma were built during the 20th century. Beyond these rail and road terminals on the northern edge of the city, transportation within the city's historic centre remains, as it was in centuries past, entirely on water or on foot. Venice is Europe's largest urban [[Auto-free zones|car-free area]] and is unique in Europe in having remained a sizable functioning city in the 21st century entirely without motorcars or trucks.

The classic Venetian boat is the ''[[gondola]]'', (plural: ''gondole'') although it is now mostly used for tourists, or for weddings, funerals, or other ceremonies, or as ''traghetti''{{clarify|date=May 2024}} (sing.: traghetto) to cross the Grand Canal in lieu of a nearby bridge. The traghetti are operated by two oarsmen.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/italy/veneto/venice/articles/venice-attractions/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/italy/veneto/venice/articles/venice-attractions/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Venice attractions |first=Anne |last=Hanley |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=10 November 2015 |via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

There are approximately 400 licensed gondoliers in Venice, in their distinctive [[livery]], and a similar number of boats, down from 10,000 two centuries ago.{{when|date=May 2024}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/aug/11/the-right-stripes-how-fashion-fell-for-the-gondolier |title=The right stripes: how fashion fell for the gondolier |first=Morwenna |last=Ferrier |newspaper=The Guardian |date=11 August 2016 |via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref name="ricksteves.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.ricksteves.com/watch-read-listen/read/articles/the-gondolas-of-venice |title=The Gondolas of Venice – Rick Steves' Europe |website=www.ricksteves.com}}</ref> Many gondolas are lushly appointed with [[crushed velvet]] seats and [[Persian rug]]s. At the front of each gondola that works in the city, there is a large piece of metal called the ''fèro'' (iron). Its shape has evolved through the centuries, as documented in many well-known paintings. Its form, topped by a likeness of the Doge's hat, became gradually standardized, and was then fixed by local law. It consists of six bars pointing forward representing the [[#Sestieri|sestieri]] of the city, and one that points backwards representing the [[Giudecca]].<ref name="ricksteves.com" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Visit Venice through Gondola's symbolism |url=http://www.hotelsantelena.com/blog/visit-venice-through-gondolas-symbolism/ |date=16 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609022508/http://www.hotelsantelena.com/blog/visit-venice-through-gondolas-symbolism/ |archive-date=9 June 2017 |website=Hotel Sant'Elena |access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref> A lesser-known boat is the smaller, simpler, but similar, [[sandolo]].

==== Waterways ====
Venice's small islands were enhanced during the Middle Ages by the [[dredging]] of soil to raise the marshy ground above the tides. The resulting canals encouraged the flourishing of a nautical culture which proved central to the economy of the city. Today those canals still provide the means for transport of goods and people within the city.

The maze of canals threading through the city requires more than 400 bridges to permit the flow of foot traffic. In 2011, the city opened the [[Ponte della Costituzione]], the fourth bridge across the Grand Canal, which connects the [[Piazzale Roma]] bus-terminal area with the Venezia Santa Lucia railway station. The other bridges are the original [[Ponte di Rialto]], the [[Ponte dell'Accademia]], and the [[Ponte degli Scalzi]].

=== Public transport ===
[[Azienda del Consorzio Trasporti Veneziano]] (ACTV) is a public company responsible for public transportation in Venice.

==== Lagoon area ====
[[File:Vaporetti Venice Lagoon.jpg|thumb|Vaporetti on the Grand Canal]]

The main means of public transportation consists of motorised [[waterbus]]es (''[[vaporetto|vaporetti]]'') which ply regular routes along the Grand Canal and between the city's islands. Private motorised water taxis are also active. The only gondole still in common use by Venetians are the ''traghetti'', foot passenger [[ferry|ferries]] crossing the Grand Canal at certain points where there are no convenient bridges. Other gondole are rented by tourists on an hourly basis.<ref name="ricksteves.com" />

The [[Venice People Mover]] is an elevated shuttle train [[public transit]] system connecting [[Tronchetto island]] with its car parking facility with Piazzale Roma where visitors arrive in the city by bus, taxi, or automobile. The train makes a stop at the Marittima cruise terminal at the [[Port of Venice]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Imboden |first=Durant |title=Venice People Mover |url=https://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/venice-people-mover.htm |website=Europe for Visitors |access-date=9 February 2022}}</ref>

==== Lido and Pellestrina islands ====
[[Lido di Venezia|Lido]] and [[Pellestrina]] are two islands forming a barrier between the southern Venetian Lagoon and the Adriatic Sea. On those islands, road traffic, including bus service, is allowed. Vaporetti link them with other islands (Venice, [[Murano]], [[Burano]]) and with the peninsula of [[Cavallino-Treporti]].

==== Mainland ====
[[File:Actv tram Venezia leaving Piazzale Roma 2017.jpg|thumb|[[Trams in Mestre|Tram in Venice]] leaving [[Piazzale Roma]]]]

The mainland of Venice is composed of 4 boroughs: [[Mestre]]-Carpenedo, [[Marghera]], Chirignago-Zelarino, and Favaro Veneto. Mestre is the centre and the most populous urban area of the mainland. There are several bus routes and two [[Translohr]] [[Trams in Mestre|tramway lines]]. Several bus routes and one of the tramway lines link the mainland with ''[[Piazzale Roma]]'', the main bus station in Venice, via [[Ponte della Libertà]], the road bridge connecting the mainland with the group of islands that comprise the historic centre of Venice.

The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Venice, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 52 min. Only 12.2% of public transit riders ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 10 min, while 17.6% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is {{convert|7|km}}, while 12% travel for over {{convert|12|km}} in a single direction.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Italy_Venezia-2083 |title=Venezia Public Transportation Statistics |publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit |access-date=19 June 2017}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].</ref>

=== Rail ===
[[File:Venezia Santa Lucia Train Station R02.jpg|thumb|The [[Venezia Santa Lucia railway station|Venice Santa Lucia station]]]]

Venice is served by regional and national trains, including trains to Florence (1h53), Milan (2h13), Turin (3h10), Rome (3h33), and Naples (4h50). 

There are international day trains to Zurich, Innsbruck, Munich, and Vienna, plus overnight sleeper services, to Paris and Dijon on [[Thello]] trains, and to Munich and Vienna via [[ÖBB|Austrian Federal Railways]].

[[European Sleeper]] operates a sleeper train between [[Brussels]] and Venice, stopping in [[Utrecht]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New sleeper train connecting Brussels to Venice launches this week |url=https://www.wanderlustmagazine.com/news/new-sleeper-train-brussels-venice/ |date=4 February 2025 |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=Wanderlust}}</ref>

* The [[Venezia Santa Lucia railway station]] is a few steps away from a vaporetti stop, Ferovia, in the historic city next to the ''Piazzale Roma''. This station is the terminus of local trains and of the luxury [[Venice Simplon Orient Express]] from London via Paris and other cities.
* The [[Venezia Mestre railway station]] is on the mainland, on the border between the boroughs of Mestre and Marghera.

Both stations are managed by [[Grandi Stazioni]]; they are linked by the ''Ponte della Libertà'' (Liberty Bridge) between the mainland and the city centre.

Other stations in the municipality are Venezia Porto Marghera, Venezia Carpenedo, Venezia Mestre Ospedale, and Venezia Mestre Porta Ovest.

=== Ports ===
[[File:2017 06 Venezia Terminal Passeggeri Terminal Passeggeri 2860.jpg|thumb|[[Cruise ship]]s at the passenger terminal in the [[Port of Venice]] (''Venezia Terminal Passeggeri'')]]
[[File:Aeroporto di Venezia - vue aerienne.jpg|thumb|[[Marco Polo International Airport]] (''Aeroporto di Venezia [[Marco Polo]]'')]]

The [[Port of Venice]] ({{langx|it|Porto di Venezia}}) is the eighth-busiest commercial port in Italy and was a major hub for the cruise sector in the [[Mediterranean]], as since August 2021 ships of more 25,000 tons are forbidden to pass the [[Giudecca Canal]]. It is one of the major Italian ports and is included in the list of the leading European ports which are located on the strategic nodes of trans-European networks. In 2002, the port handled 262,337 containers. In 2006, 30,936,931 tonnes passed through the port, of which 14,541,961 was commercial traffic, and saw 1,453,513 passengers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fletcher |first1=C. A. |last2=Spencer |first2=T. |title=Flooding and Environmental Challenges for Venice and Its Lagoon: State of Knowledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8l9dfXu8OgYC&pg=PA263 |date=14 July 2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-84046-0 |page=263}}</ref>

=== Aviation ===
[[Marco Polo International Airport]] (''Aeroporto di Venezia Marco Polo'') is named in honor of [[Marco Polo]]. The airport is on the mainland and was rebuilt away from the coast. Public transport from the airport takes one to:
* Venice [[Piazzale Roma]] by ATVO (provincial company) buses<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atvo.it/index.php?lang=it&area=23&menuid=35 |title=ATVO |publisher=Atvo.it |access-date=26 August 2012}}</ref> and by ACTV (city company) buses (route 5 ''aerobus'');<ref name="actv.it">{{cite web |url=http://www.actv.it/muoversiinterraferma/lineeurbane |title=Linee Urbane |publisher=www.actv.it |access-date=26 August 2012}}</ref>
* Venice, Lido, and Murano by Allilaguna (private company) motor boats;
* Mestre, the mainland, where Venice Mestre railway station is convenient for connections to [[Milan]], [[Padua]], [[Trieste]], [[Verona]] and the rest of Italy, and for [[Actv|ACTV]] (routes 15 and 45)<ref name="actv.it" /> and ATVO buses and other transport;
* Regional destinations, such as [[Treviso]] and [[Padua]], by ATVO and [[Busitalia Sita Nord]] buses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fsbusitalia.it/cms-instance/documenti/fsbusitalia/Montegrotto-AeropMarcoPolo.pdf |title=Autolinea Montegrotto – Aeroporto Marco Polo |trans-title=Montegrotto Bus Line – Marco Polo Airport |language=it |publisher=Busitalia |access-date=28 February 2012 |archive-date=16 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416071331/http://www.fsbusitalia.it/cms-instance/documenti/fsbusitalia/Montegrotto-AeropMarcoPolo.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Treviso Airport|Venice-Treviso Airport]], about {{convert|30|km|0}} from Venice, is used mainly by low-cost airlines. There are public buses from this airport to Venice.<ref>{{cite web |title=Treviso Airport Shuttle Bus – Airbus Treviso Antonio Canova Airport |url=https://www.trevisoairport.it/en/transport/bus.html |website=www.trevisoairport.it |publisher=Treviso Airport |access-date=26 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
Venezia-Lido "Giovanni Nicelli",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.enav.it/enavWebPortalStatic/AIP/AD/AD2/ADSPV1-1.pdf |title=Autenticazione per servizi online |trans-title=Authentication for online services |date=10 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527053548/http://www.enav.it/enavWebPortalStatic/AIP/AD/AD2/ADSPV1-1.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016}}</ref> a public airport suitable for smaller aircraft, is at the northeast end of [[Lido di Venezia]]. It has a {{Convert|994|m|ft|adj=on}} grass runway.