Editing Vegetarianism (section)

====Vitamin D<sub>2</sub>====
* [[Plants]]
** [[Alfalfa]] (''Medicago sativa subsp. sativa''), shoot: 4.8 μg (192 IU) vitamin D<sub>2</sub>, 0.1 μg (4 IU) vitamin D<sub>3</sub><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=606|title=Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases|publisher=Sun.ars-grin.gov|access-date=March 31, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016051622/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=606|archive-date=October 16, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Fungus]], from USDA nutrient database,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/index.html |title=USDA nutrient database&nbsp;– ''use the keyword 'portabella' and then click submit'' |access-date=March 9, 2012 |archive-date=February 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222164135/http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> per 100 g:
** Mushrooms, portabella, exposed to [[ultraviolet light]], raw: Vitamin D<sub>2</sub>: 11.2 μg (446 IU)
** Mushrooms, portabella, exposed to ultraviolet light, grilled: Vitamin D<sub>2</sub>: 13.1 μg (524 IU)
** Mushrooms, shiitake, dried: Vitamin D<sub>2</sub>: 3.9 μg (154 IU)
** Mushrooms, shiitake, raw: Vitamin D<sub>2</sub>: 0.4 μg (18 IU)
** Mushrooms, portabella, raw: Vitamin D<sub>2</sub>: 0.3 μg (10 IU)
** Mushroom powder, any species, illuminated with sunlight or artificial ultraviolet light sources

Vitamin D<sub>2</sub>, or [[ergocalciferol]] is found in fungus (except [[alfalfa]] which is a [[plantae]]) and created from [[viosterol]], which in turn is created when ultraviolet light activates [[ergosterol]] (which is found in fungi and named as a [[sterol]] from [[ergot]]). Any [[Ultraviolet light|UV]]-irradiated fungus including [[yeast]] form vitamin D<sub>2</sub>.<ref name=Bowerman>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-mar-31-he-eat31-story.html |title=If mushrooms see the light |work=Los Angeles Times |date=March 31, 2008 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |first=Susan |last=Bowerman |archive-date=September 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904135924/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/mar/31/health/he-eat31 |url-status=live }}</ref> Human bioavailability of vitamin D<sub>2</sub> from vitamin D<sub>2</sub>-enhanced button mushrooms via UV-B irradiation is effective in improving vitamin D status and not different from a vitamin D<sub>2</sub> supplement according to study.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Bioavailability of vitamin D2 from UV-B-irradiated button mushrooms in healthy adults deficient in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a randomized controlled trial|journal=European Journal of Clinical Nutrition|date=May 4, 2011|author1=P Urbain|author2=F Singler|author3=G Ihorst|author4=H-K Biesalski|author5=H Bertz|issue=8|pages= 965–971|doi= 10.1038/ejcn.2011.53|volume=65|pmid=21540874|doi-access=free}}</ref> For example, vitamin D<sub>2</sub> from UV-irradiated yeast baked into bread is bioavailable.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Bioavailability and Efficacy of Vitamin D 2 from UV-Irradiated Yeast in Growing, Vitamin D-Deficient Rats |date=May 24, 2012 |pmid=21332187 |doi=10.1021/jf104679c |volume=59 |issue=6 |pmc=3235799 |vauthors=Hohman EE, Martin BR, Lachcik PJ, Gordon DT, Fleet JC, Weaver CM |journal=J. Agric. Food Chem. |pages=2341–6}}</ref>
By visual assessment or using a chromometer, no significant discoloration of irradiated mushrooms, as measured by the degree of "whiteness", was observed<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Koyyalamudi SR, Jeong SC, Song CH, Cho KY, Pang G | title = Vitamin D<sub>2</sub> formation and bioavailability from Agaricus bisporus button mushrooms treated with ultraviolet irradiation | journal = Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | volume = 57 | issue = 8 | pages = 3351–5 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19281276 | doi = 10.1021/jf803908q | bibcode = 2009JAFC...57.3351K }}</ref> making it hard to discover if they have been treated without labeling. Claims have been made that a normal serving (approx. 3 oz or 1/2 cup, or 60 grams) of mushrooms treated with ultraviolet light increase their vitamin D content to levels up to 80 micrograms,<ref>{{cite web |author=Using Fresh Mushrooms as a Source of Vitamin D |url=http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/using-fresh-mushrooms-as-a-source-of-vitamin-d.html |title=Using Fresh Mushrooms as a Source of Vitamin D / Nutrition / Healthy Eating |publisher=Fitday.com |access-date=September 12, 2012 |archive-date=September 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923065357/http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/using-fresh-mushrooms-as-a-source-of-vitamin-d.html |url-status=live }}</ref> or 2700 IU if exposed to just 5 minutes of UV light after being harvested.<ref>{{Cite news|title =Bringing Mushrooms Out of the Dark|date =April 18, 2006|url =http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12370708|work =MSNBC|access-date =August 6, 2007|archive-date =November 1, 2007|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071101072649/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12370708|url-status =dead}}</ref>