Editing Uzbeks (section)

== Uzbek diaspora ==
{{main|Soviet Central Asia#Exiles|Minorities in Turkey#Uzbeks}}
Dissident Islamist and anti-Soviet Central Asians fled to Afghanistan, British India, and to the Hijaz in Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://carnegieendowment.org/files/cp_77_olcott_roots_final.pdf |title=CP 77 |website=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://carnegieendowment.org/files/olcottroots.pdf |title=Olcoot roots |website=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |access-date=2016-01-04 |archive-date=2006-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061122080125/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/olcottroots.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/research/reportcentralasiaislamicextremism.pdf |title=Repoirt on Central Asian extremisim |website=www.worldwatchmonitor.org |access-date=2016-01-04 |archive-date=2016-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430080254/https://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/research/reportcentralasiaislamicextremism.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The last Emir of Bukhara [[Mohammed Alim Khan]] fled to Afghanistan. The Islamist Uzbek [[Sayyid Qāsim bin Abd al-Jabbaar Al-Andijaani|As-Sayyid Qāsim bin Abd al-Jabbaar Al-Andijaani]] (Arabic: السيد قاسم بن عبد الجبار الأنديجاني) was born in Fergana valley's Andijan city in Turkestan (Central Asia). He went to British India was educated at Darul Uloom Deoband,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://islamhouse.com/ar/author/243088/|title=قاسم بن عبد الجبار الأنديجاني|work=IslamHouse.com|access-date=26 April 2016|archive-date=21 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621143829/http://islamhouse.com/ar/author/243088/|url-status=live}}</ref> and then returned to Turkestan where he preached against Communist Russian rule.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vb.tafsir.net/tafsir36755/|title=(منبع العرفان) تفسير كبير باللغة الأوزبكية (القديمة) بالحرف العربي|access-date=26 April 2016|archive-date=10 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110161507/https://vb.tafsir.net/tafsir36755/|url-status=live}}</ref> He then fled to Afghanistan, then to British India and then to Hijaz where he continued his education in Mecca and Medina and wrote several works on Islam and engaged in anti-Soviet activities.

In the recent times, many Uzbeks started to migrate to various countries as [[labour migration|labour migrants]], especially to [[Russia]], [[South Korea]], the [[UAE]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://iwpr.net/global-voices/uzbekistan-looks-diversify-labour-migration | title=Uzbekistan Looks to Diversify Labour Migration }}</ref> [[Germany]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/48645/germany-and-uzbekistan-sign-migration-deal | title=Germany and Uzbekistan sign migration deal | date=3 May 2023 | access-date=26 November 2023 | archive-date=26 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126140612/https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/48645/germany-and-uzbekistan-sign-migration-deal | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Uzbeks in Poland|Poland]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kun.uz/en/news/2023/10/16/uzbekistan-poland-to-expand-relations-in-field-of-labor-migration | title=Uzbekistan, Poland to expand relations in field of labor migration | access-date=2023-11-26 | archive-date=2023-11-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126140612/https://kun.uz/en/news/2023/10/16/uzbekistan-poland-to-expand-relations-in-field-of-labor-migration | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Saudi Arabia]], etc.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.caspianpolicy.org/research/energy-and-economy-program-eep/central-asian-labor-migration-exploring-new-destinations-amid-geopolitical-tensions | title=CPC &#124; Central Asian Labor Migration: Exploring New Destinations Amid Geopolitical Tensions | access-date=2023-11-26 | archive-date=2023-11-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126140612/https://www.caspianpolicy.org/research/energy-and-economy-program-eep/central-asian-labor-migration-exploring-new-destinations-amid-geopolitical-tensions | url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Kyrgyzstan ===
{{Main|Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan}}
[[File:Osh Bazar (3968045289).jpg|thumb|207x207px|An elderly Uzbek man in bazaar in [[Osh]], Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan]] are an ethnic group native to Kyrgyzstan. In Kyrgyzstan, Uzbeks are the largest minority group, comprising about 15% of the population. They have a long history in the region and have played a significant role in the culture and economy of Kyrgyzstan. Many Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan live in the southern part of the country, particularly in the cities of [[Osh]], [[Jalal-Abad]] and [[Özgön]].

=== Saudi Arabia ===
Uzbek exiles in Saudi Arabia from Soviet ruled Central Asia also adopted the identity "Turkistani".<ref name="Schlyter2005">{{cite book|author=Birgit N. Schlyter|title=Prospects for Democracy in Central Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eZASCqNASlEC&q=bukhari+saudi+soviet&pg=PA245|year=2005|publisher=Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul|isbn=978-91-86884-16-1|pages=245–|access-date=2020-10-24|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202223545/https://books.google.com/books?id=eZASCqNASlEC&q=bukhari+saudi+soviet&pg=PA245|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="memberclicks1">{{Cite web |url=https://cess.memberclicks.net/assets/cesr2/CESR3/article%203%20v3n1.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045534/https://cess.memberclicks.net/assets/cesr2/CESR3/article%203%20v3n1.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lot of them are also called "Bukhari".<ref name="MaiselShoup2009">{{cite book|author1=Sebastian Maisel|author2=John A. Shoup|title=Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Arab States Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Arab States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uhJu2_8vMkMC&q=bukhari+saudi+samarkandi&pg=PA145|date=February 2009|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-34442-8|pages=145–|access-date=2020-10-24|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202223547/https://books.google.com/books?id=uhJu2_8vMkMC&q=bukhari+saudi+samarkandi&pg=PA145|url-status=live}}</ref> A number of Saudi "Uzbeks" do not consider themselves as Uzbek and instead consider themselves as Muslim Turkestanis.<ref>{{cite book|author=Birgit N. Schlyter|title=Prospects for Democracy in Central Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eZASCqNASlEC&q=andijani+saudi+kokandi&pg=PA246|year=2005|publisher=Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul|isbn=978-91-86884-16-1|pages=246–|access-date=2020-10-24|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202223548/https://books.google.com/books?id=eZASCqNASlEC&q=andijani+saudi+kokandi&pg=PA246|url-status=live}}</ref> Many Uzbeks in Saudi Arabia adopted the [[Nisba (onomastics)#Nisba to a place|Arabic nisba]] of their home city in Uzbekistan, such as Al Bukhari from Bukhara, Al Samarqandi from Samarkand, Al Tashkandi from Tashkent, Al Andijani from Andijan, Al Kokandi from Kokand, Al Turkistani from Turkistan. Bukhari and Turkistani were labels for all the Uzbeks in general while specific names for Uzbeks from different places were Farghani, Marghilani, Namangani, and Kokandi.<ref name="memberclicks1" /><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/3083768|title=The Complexity of Central Eurasia|first=Robert M|last=Cutler|access-date=2017-12-03|archive-date=2022-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518034316/https://www.academia.edu/3083768|url-status=live}}</ref> Kokandi was used to refer to Uzbeks from Ferghana.<ref>{{cite book|doi=10.1057/9780230376434|title=The Soviet Legacy in Central Asia |year=1999 |last1=Glenn |first1=John |isbn=978-1-349-40743-9 }}</ref>

Shami Domullah introduced Salafism to Soviet Central Asia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pulsofcentralasia.org/2015/03/31/special-dangerous-preaching-the-role-of-religious-leaders-in-the-rise-of-radical-islam-in-central-asia-by-nurbek-bekmurzaev/|title=Special: Dangerous Preaching: The Role of Religious Leaders in the Rise of Radical Islam in Central Asia. By Nurbek Bekmurzaev.|access-date=26 April 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035301/http://pulsofcentralasia.org/2015/03/31/special-dangerous-preaching-the-role-of-religious-leaders-in-the-rise-of-radical-islam-in-central-asia-by-nurbek-bekmurzaev/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="KemperMotika2009">{{cite book|author1=Michael Kemper|author2=Raoul Motika|author3=Stefan Reichmuth|author3-link=Stefan Reichmuth (academic)|title=Islamic Education in the Soviet Union and Its Successor States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gWAAgAAQBAJ&q=bukhari+saudi+soviet&pg=PA247|date=11 September 2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-20731-2|pages=247–|access-date=24 October 2020|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202223855/https://books.google.com/books?id=-gWAAgAAQBAJ&q=bukhari+saudi+soviet&pg=PA247|url-status=live}}</ref> Mosques in Uzbekistan are funded by Saudi-based Uzbeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tol.org/client/article/1767-the-myth-of-militant-islam-uzbekistan.html?print.|title=The Myth of Militant Islam: Uzbekistan – Transitions Online|date=29 December 1995|access-date=26 April 2016|archive-date=1 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501165245/http://www.tol.org/client/article/1767-the-myth-of-militant-islam-uzbekistan.html?print.|url-status=live}}</ref> Saudis have tried to propagate their version of Islam into Uzbekistan following the collapse of the Soviet Union.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ca-c.org/journal/2001/journal_eng/cac-01/13.abbe.shtml|title=CA&CC Press® AB|author=CENTRAL ASIA and THE CAUCASUS|access-date=26 April 2016|archive-date=25 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625024332/https://www.ca-c.org/journal/2001/journal_eng/cac-01/13.abbe.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2007_819-01g_Collins.pdf |title=Islamic Revivalism and Political Attitudes in Uzbekistan |access-date=2018-09-21 |archive-date=2020-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127204651/https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2007_819-01g_Collins.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/273897|title=Hidden Linkages: The Republic of Uzbekistan and the Gulf Region in Changing World Order|author=Prajakti Kalra|access-date=26 April 2016|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202224122/https://www.academia.edu/273897|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gorder2008">{{cite book|author=Christian van Gorder|title=Muslim-Christian Relations in Central Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWqTAgAAQBAJ&q=bukhari+saudi+soviet&pg=PA80|date=5 June 2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-97169-4|pages=80–|access-date=24 October 2020|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202224121/https://books.google.com/books?id=MWqTAgAAQBAJ&q=bukhari+saudi+soviet&pg=PA80|url-status=live}}</ref> Saudi Arabia's "Bukharian brethren" were led by Nuriddin al-Bukhari as of 1990.<ref name="Association1990">{{cite book|author=Central Asian Studies Association|title=Central Asia File: Newsletter of the Central Asian Studies Association|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PLERAQAAMAAJ&q=bukhari+saudi+soviet|year=1990|publisher=School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|page=20|access-date=2016-01-04|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202224121/https://books.google.com/books?id=PLERAQAAMAAJ&q=bukhari+saudi+soviet|url-status=live}}</ref> Official figures have placed anywhere between 400 thousand to 800 thousand Uzbeks in Saudi Arabia.<ref name="Linkages">{{cite book |last1=Prajakti Kalra |first1=Siddharth Saxena |chapter=Hidden Linkages: The Republic of Uzbekistan and the Gulf Region in a Changing World Order |editor1-last=Terterov |editor1-first=Marat |title=Russian and CIS Relations with the Gulf Region: Current Trends in Political and Economic Dynamics |date=2009 |publisher=Gulf Research Center |isbn=978-9948-424-00-0 }}</ref>

=== Pakistan ===
{{Main|Uzbeks in Pakistan}}

Many ethnic Uzbeks moved from Afghanistan to Pakistan owing to the [[War in Afghanistan|Afghan War]].<ref name="Shalinsky1994">{{cite book|author=Audrey Shalinsky|title=Long Years of Exile: Central Asian Refugees in Afghanistan and Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUluAAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=978-0-8191-9286-8|access-date=2016-02-11|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202224135/https://books.google.com/books?id=yUluAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to aid requirements for refugees, repatriation of camp dwellers took place.<ref name="Shalinsky1994 2">{{cite book|author=Audrey Shalinsky|title=Long Years of Exile: Central Asian Refugees in Afghanistan and Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUluAAAAMAAJ&q=Central+Asian+Refugees+in+Afghanistan+and+Pakistan+Audrey+Shalinsky+...+However,+over+25+percent+of+the+core+households+have+members+who+remain+in+Kunduz+in+their+original+location.+Some+of+these+are+women+and+children.+...+Unlike+the+Ferghanachis,+those+in+the+camps+have+no+other+choice+but+to+return+to+Afghanistan+some+day++because+international+recognition+and+aid+depend+on+the+assumption+...|year=1994|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=978-0-8191-9286-8|page=123|access-date=2020-10-24|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202224126/https://books.google.com/books?id=yUluAAAAMAAJ&q=Central+Asian+Refugees+in+Afghanistan+and+Pakistan+Audrey+Shalinsky+...+However,+over+25+percent+of+the+core+households+have+members+who+remain+in+Kunduz+in+their+original+location.+Some+of+these+are+women+and+children.+...+Unlike+the+Ferghanachis,+those+in+the+camps+have+no+other+choice+but+to+return+to+Afghanistan+some+day++because+international+recognition+and+aid+depend+on+the+assumption+...|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 1800s, Konya's north Bogrudelik was settled by Tatar [[Emirate of Bukhara|Bukharlyks]]. In 1981, many [[Uzbeks in Pakistan|Uzbek refugees in Pakistan]] moved to Turkey to join the existing [[Kayseri]], [[İzmir]], [[Ankara]], and [[Zeytinburnu]]-based communities.<ref name="Espace">{{cite book|title=Espace populations sociétés|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RCkkAQAAIAAJ&q=kayseri+diaspora+pakistan|year=2006|publisher=Université des sciences et techniques de Lille, U.E.R. de géographie|page=174|access-date=2020-10-24|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202224140/https://books.google.com/books?id=RCkkAQAAIAAJ&q=kayseri+diaspora+pakistan|url-status=live}}</ref>