Editing Ur (section)

==List of rulers==
{{One source|section|date=August 2024}}
The ''[[Sumerian King List]] (SKL)'' gives a list of only thirteen rulers from three dynasties of Ur. The once supposed second dynasty of Ur may have never existed.<ref>"The so-called Second Dynasty of Ur is a phantom and is not recorded in the SKL" in {{cite book |last1=Frayne |first1=Douglas |title=Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC) |date=2008 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-1-4426-9047-9 |page=910 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8PNAnIome3AC&pg=PT910 |language=en}}</ref> The [[first dynasty of Ur]] may have been preceded by one other dynasty of Ur (the ''"Kalam dynasty"'') unnamed on the ''SKL''—which had extensive influence over the area of Sumer and apparently led a union of south Mesopotamian polities. This predynastic period of Ur may include at least two rulers out of the first eight on this list ([[Meskalamdug]] and [[Akalamdug]]). The following list should not be considered complete:
{|class="wikitable"border="1"style="width:100%;text-align:center"
|-
!width="1%"|#
!width="16.5%"|Depiction
!width="16.5%"|Ruler
!width="16.5%"|Succession
!width="16.5%"|[[Akkadian royal titulary|Titles]]
!width="16.5%"|{{abbr|Approx.|approximately}} dates
!width="16.5%"|Notes
|-
|colspan="7"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''[[Early Dynastic III|Early Dynastic IIIa period]] ({{circa|2600|2500 BC|lk=yes}})'''
|-
!colspan="7"|[[Pre-dynastic period of Sumer|Predynastic Ur]] ({{circa|2600|2500 BC}})
|-
|
|[[File:Seal from PG 1236 with inscription Aja-Anzu, also read A-Imdugud.jpg|128px]]
|'''[[A-Imdugud]]'''<br>𒀀𒀭𒅎𒂂
|
|[[Ensi (Sumerian)|Governor]] of Ur
|{{fl.|{{c.|2600 BC}}}}
|
*Historicity certain
*His name does not appear on the ''SKL''
*Known from an inscribed [[cylinder seal]] found in tomb PG 1236 located in the [[Royal Cemetery at Ur]]<ref>{{cite report|last1=Woolley|first1=Leonard|author-link=Leonard Woolley|last2=Hall|first2=Henry|author-link2=Henry Hall (Egyptologist)|last3=Legrain|first3=L.|date=1900|title=Ur excavations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GygcAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Trustees of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania by the aid of a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York|isbn=9780598629883|volume=II}} [https://archive.org/details/urexcavations186385join Alt URL]</ref>
|-
|
|[[File:Ur-Palbisag.jpg|128px]]
|'''[[Ur-Pabilsag]]'''<br>𒌨𒀭𒉺𒉋𒊕
|Son of '''A-Imdugud''' (?)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Aruz|first1=J.|last2=Wallenfels|first2=R.|date=2003|title=Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czZmQgAACAAJ|series=Metropolitan Museum of Art Series|location=New York|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=9780300098839}}</ref>
|[[Lugal|King]] of Ur
|{{died-in|{{c.|2550 BC}}}}
|
*''[[Tempore|temp.]]'' of '''Ursangpae'''<ref name="Marchesi2015">{{cite journal|last=Marchesi|first=Gianni|editor-last=Sallaberger|editor-first=Walther|editor-link=Walther Sallaberger|editor-last2=Schrakamp|editor-first2=Ingo|date=January 2015|title=Toward a Chronology of Early Dynastic Rulers in Mesopotamia|url=https://www.academia.edu/10655886|journal=History and Philology (ARCANE 3; Turnhout)|pages=139–156}}</ref>
*Known from an inscription fragment found in tomb PG 779 located in the Royal Cemetery at Ur
|-
!width="1%"|#
!width="16.5%"|Depiction
!width="16.5%"|Ruler
!width="16.5%"|Succession
!width="16.5%"|Titles
!width="16.5%"|{{abbr|Approx.|approximately}} dates
!width="16.5%"|Notes
|-
|colspan="7"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''Early Dynastic IIIb period ({{circa|2500|2350 BC}})'''
|-
!colspan="7"|Kalam dynasty ({{circa|2550|2500 BC}})
|-
|
|[[File:Shell plaque from a lyre, PG 1332, Ur Royal Cemetery (detail).jpg|128px]]
|'''[[Akalamdug]]'''<br>𒀀𒌦𒄭
|Son of '''[[Meskalamdug]]''' (?)
|King of Ur
|{{reign|single=c. 2500 BC|show=lword}}
|
*''temp.'' of [[Akurgal]]<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
*Known from dynastic beads and tomb inscriptions found in tomb PG 1332 located in the Royal Cemetery at Ur
|-
|
|[[File:Golden_helmet_of_Meskalamdug_in_the_British_Museum.jpg|128px]]
|'''[[Meskalamdug]]'''<br>𒈩𒌦𒄭
|Son of '''Akalamdug''' (?)
|[[King of the Universe#Sargon of Akkad and his successors (2334–2154 BC)|King of Kish]]
|{{reign|single=c. 2500|era=BC}}
|
*''temp.'' of '''[[Enakalle]]'''<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
*Known from dynastic beads and tomb inscriptions found in tomb PG 755 located in the Royal Cemetery at Ur
|-
|
|[[File:Queen Puabi with attendants.jpg|128px]]
|'''[[Puabi]]'''<br>𒅤𒀜
|[[Coregent]] with '''Meskalamdug''' (?)
|[[NIN (cuneiform)|Queen]] of Ur
|{{married-in|{{c.|2500}}}} to '''Meskalamdug''' (?)
|
*Known from inscriptions found in tomb PG 800 located in the Royal Cemetery at Ur
*She may have ruled in her own right as [[queen regnant]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penn.museum/collections/highlights/neareast/puabi.php |title=Queen Puabi's Headdress from the Royal Cemetery at Ur|website=[[Penn Museum]]|access-date=2019-03-28}}</ref>
|-
!width="1%"|#
!width="16.5%"|Depiction
!width="16.5%"|Ruler
!width="16.5%"|Succession
!width="16.5%"|Titles
!width="16.5%"|{{abbr|Approx.|approximately}} dates
!width="16.5%"|Notes
|-
!colspan="7"|[[First dynasty of Ur|First dynasty of Ur / Ur I dynasty]] ({{circa|2500|2340 BC}})
|-
|colspan="7"align="left"|{{blockquote|''"Then [[Uruk]] was defeated and the [[Throne|kingship]] was taken to Ur."''|''SKL''}}
|-
|1
|[[File:Seal impression of Mesanepada, king of Kish.jpg|128px]]
|'''<u>[[Mesannepada]]</u>'''<br>𒈩𒀭𒉌𒅆𒊒𒁕
|Son of '''Meskalamdug''' (?)
|[[King of Sumer]]<hr>King of Kish<hr>King of Ur
|{{reign|single=c. 2500|era=BC}}<br><small>(80 years)</small>
|
*''temp.'' of '''[[Ur-Lumma]]'''<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
*Known from the ''SKL'', ''[[Tummal Chronicle]]'', and an inscribed seal found in tomb PG 1232/1237 located in the Royal Cemetery at Ur
|-
|2
|[[File:Middle East, 52 Ancient Iran.jpg|128px]]
|'''<u>[[Meskiagnun|Meskiagnun I]]</u>'''<br>𒈩𒆠𒉘𒉣
|Son of '''<u>Mesannepada</u>''' (?)
|King of Sumer<hr>King of Ur
|{{reign|c. 2485|c. 2450|era=BC}}<br><small>(30 or 36 years)</small>
|
*''temp.'' of '''Epa'e'''<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
*Known from the ''Tummal Chronicle'' his tomb PG 1157 located in the Royal Cemetery at Ur
|-
|3
|[[File:Dedication tablet by King Enshakushanna, State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Erm 14375.jpg|128px]]
|'''<u>[[Elulu]]</u>'''<br>𒂊𒇻𒇻
|
|King of Sumer<hr>King of Ur
|''Uncertain,'' {{reign|single=c. 2445|era=BC}}<br><small>(25 years)</small>
|
*Historicity certain.<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
*''temp.'' of '''[[Lugalanda]]'''<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
|-
|4
|[[File:King at war leading soldiers Standard of Ur.jpg|128px]]
|'''<u>[[Balulu]]</u>'''<br>𒁀𒇻𒇻
|
|King of Sumer<hr>King of Ur
|''Uncertain''<br><small>(36 years)</small>
|
*Known from the ''SKL''; very little otherwise
*Historicity uncertain
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
|colspan="7"align="left"|{{blockquote|''"4 kings; they ruled for 171 years. Then Ur was defeated and the kingship was taken to [[Awan dynasty#List of rulers|Awan]]."''|''SKL''}}
|-
|
|[[File:Fragments in the name of Enshakushanna.jpg|128px]]
|'''<u>[[Enshakushanna]]</u>'''<br>𒂗𒊮𒊨𒀭𒈾
|Son of '''<u>Elulu</u>''' (?)<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
|[[King of Sumer and Akkad|Lord of Sumer and King of all the Land]]<hr>King of Sumer<hr>King of Uruk<hr>King of Ur
|{{reign|single=c. 2430|era=BC}}<br><small>(60 years)</small>
|
*''temp.'' of '''[[Urukagina]]'''<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
|-
|
|[[File:Foundation nail Entemena Louvre AO22934.jpg|128px]]
|'''''<u>[[Lugal-kinishe-dudu]]</u>'''''<br>𒈗𒆠𒉌𒂠𒌌𒌌
|
|King of Sumer<hr>King of Uruk and Ur<ref name="Marchesi2015"/><hr>King of Kish<hr>King of Uruk<hr>Governor of Uruk<hr>[[EN (cuneiform)|Lord]] of Uruk
|{{reign|single=c. 2400|era=BC}}<br><small>(120 years)</small>
|
*Originally from Uruk
*''temp.'' of '''[[Enannatum II]]'''<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
|-
|
|[[File:Limestone foundation peg of Lugal-kisal-si, from Uruk, Iraq. C. 2380 BCE. Pergamon Museum.jpg|128px]]
|'''''[[Lugal-kisal-si]]'''''<br>𒈗𒆦𒋛
|Son of '''''<u>Lugal-kinishe-dudu</u>'''''<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
|King of Uruk and Ur<ref name="Marchesi2015"/><hr>King of Kish<hr>King of Uruk<hr>King of Ur
|{{reign|single=c. 2400|era=BC}}
|
*''temp.'' of '''[[Enentarzi]]'''<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
|colspan="7"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''Proto-Imperial period ({{circa|2350|2334 BC}})'''
|-
|
|[[File:Gold_items_PG_580.jpg|128px]]
|'''[[A'annepada]]'''<br>𒀀𒀭𒉌𒅆𒊒𒁕
|Son of '''<u>Mesannepada</u>'''
|King of Ur
|{{reign|single=c. 2400|era=BC}}
|
*''temp.'' of '''[[Entemena]]'''<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
*Known from dedication tablets with inscriptions found in tomb PG 580 located in the Royal Cemetery at Ur
|-
|
|
|'''Lunanna'''<br>𒇽𒀭𒋀𒆠
|
|King of Ur
|''Uncertain''; this ruler may have {{reign|c. 2350|c. 2112|era=BC}} sometime during the Proto-Imperial period.<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
|
*Historicity certain.<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
*''temp.'' of '''[[Sargon of Akkad|Sargon]]'''<ref name="Marchesi2015"/>
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
!width="1%"|#
!width="16.5%"|Depiction
!width="16.5%"|Ruler
!width="16.5%"|Succession
!width="16.5%"|Titles
!width="16.5%"|{{abbr|Approx.|approximately}} dates
!width="16.5%"|Notes
|-
|colspan="7"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''[[Akkadian Period|Akkadian period]] ({{circa|2334|2154 BC}})'''
|-
!colspan="7"|{{visible anchor|Second Dynasty of Ur|text=Second dynasty of Ur}} / Ur II dynasty ({{circa|2340|2112 BC}})
|-
|colspan="7"align="left"|{{blockquote|''"Then Uruk was defeated and the kingship was taken to Ur."''|''SKL''}}
|-
|1
|rowspan="3"|[[File:Weld-Blundell Prism with transcription and translation by Stephen Herbert Langdon (1876-1937).jpg|128px]]
|<u>Nanni</u><br>𒈾𒀭𒉌
|
|King of Sumer<hr>King of Ur
|{{reign|single=c. 2340|era=BC}}<br><small>(54 or 120 years)</small>
|
*Known from the ''SKL''; very little otherwise
*Historicity uncertain
|-
|2
|<u>Meskiagnun II</u><br>𒈩𒆠𒉘𒉣
|Son of <u>Nanni</u>
|King of Sumer<hr>King of Ur
|''Uncertain''<br><small>(48 years)</small>
|
*Known from the ''SKL''; very little otherwise
*Historicity uncertain
|-
|3
|<u>Unknown</u>
|
|King of Sumer<hr>King of Ur
|''Uncertain''<br><small>(2 years)</small>
|
*Known from the ''SKL''; very little otherwise
*Historicity uncertain
|-
|colspan="7"align="left"|{{blockquote|''"3 kings; they ruled for 578 years. Then Ur was defeated and the kingship was taken to [[Adab (city)|Adab]]."''|''SKL''}}
|-
!width="1%"|#
!width="16.5%"|Depiction
!width="16.5%"|Ruler
!width="16.5%"|Succession
!width="16.5%"|Titles
!width="16.5%"|{{abbr|Approx.|approximately}} dates
!width="16.5%"|Notes
|-
|colspan="7"align="center"style="background-color:palegoldenrod"|'''[[Ur III period]] ({{circa|2154|2004 BC}})'''
|-
!colspan="7"|[[Third dynasty of Ur|Third dynasty of Ur / Ur III dynasty]] ({{circa|2112|2004 BC}})
|-
|colspan="7"align="left"|{{blockquote|''"Then Uruk was defeated and the kingship was taken to Ur."''|''SKL''}}
|-
|1
|[[File:King Ur-Nammu.jpg|128px]]
|'''<u>[[Ur-Nammu]]</u>'''<br>𒌨𒀭𒇉
|Son of '''<u>[[Utu-hengal]]</u>''' (?)
|King of Sumer and Akkad<hr>King of Sumer<hr>King of Ur
|{{reign|c. 2112|c. 2094|era=BC}}<br><small>(18 years)</small>
|
|-
|2
|[[File:Cylinder_seal_of_Shulgi.jpg|128px]]
|'''<u>[[Shulgi]]</u>'''<br>𒀭𒂄𒄀
|Son of '''<u>Ur-Nammu</u>'''
|[[King of the Four Corners]]<hr>King of Sumer and Akkad<hr>King of Sumer<hr>King of Ur
|{{reign|c. 2094|c. 2046|era=BC}}<br><small>(46, 48, or 58 years)</small>
|
|-
|3
|[[File:P1150892_Louvre_figurine-clou-Ur_AO3142_rwk.jpg|128px]]
|'''<u>[[Amar-Sin]]</u>'''<br>𒀭𒀫𒀭𒂗𒍪
|Son of '''<u>Shulgi</u>'''
|King of the Four Corners<hr>King of Sumer and Akkad<hr>King of Sumer<hr>King of Ur
|{{reign|c. 2046|c. 2037|era=BC}}<br><small>(9 or 25 years)</small>
|
|-
|4
|[[File:Seal_of_Gimil-Sin_(Shu-Sin).jpg|128px]]
|'''<u>[[Shu-Sin]]</u>'''<br>𒀭𒋗𒀭𒂗𒍪
|Son of '''<u>Amar-Sin</u>'''
|King of the Four Corners<hr>King of Sumer and Akkad<hr>King of Sumer<hr>King of Ur
|{{reign|c. 2037|c. 2028|era=BC}}<br><small>(7, 9, 16, or 20 years)</small>
|
|-
|5
|[[File:Ibbi-Sin_enthroned.jpg|128px]]
|'''<u>[[Ibbi-Sin]]</u>'''<br>𒀭𒄿𒉈𒀭𒂗𒍪
|Son of '''<u>Shu-Sin</u>'''
|King of the Four Corners<hr>King of Sumer and Akkad<hr>King of Sumer<hr>King of Ur
|{{reign|c. 2028|c. 2004|era=BC}}<br><small>(15, 23, 24, or 25 years)</small>
|
|-
|colspan="7"align="left"|{{blockquote|''"5 kings; they ruled for 108 years. Then the reign of Ur was [[abolition of monarchy|abolished]]. The very foundation of Sumer was torn out. The kingship was taken to [[Isin]]."''|''SKL''}}
|}