Editing University of Michigan (section)

===Admissions===

====Undergraduate====

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:85%; margin:10px"
! colspan="10" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Michigan Wolverines|color=white}}" |Undergraduate admission statistics of <br/>the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
|-
!&nbsp;
!2024<ref name="CDS2024-25">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2024–2025 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/CDS_2024-25_umaa_2-19-25.pdf |access-date = November 4, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
!2023<ref name="CDS2023-24">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2023–2024 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2023-2024_umaa.pdf |access-date = April 2, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
!2022<ref name="CDS2022-23">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2022–2023 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2022-2023_umaa.pdf |access-date = December 17, 2023 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
!2021<ref name="CDS2021-22">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2021–2022 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2021-2022_umaa.pdf |access-date = December 17, 2023 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
!2020<ref name="CDS2020-21">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2020–2021 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2020-2021_umaa.pdf |access-date = December 17, 2023 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
|-
| colspan=6 style="text-align: center" |'''First-time fall freshman'''<br/>''[[Early action]] & regular decision, combined''
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Applicants
|98,310
|87,605
|84,289
|79,743
|65,021
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Admits
|15,373
|15,714
|14,914
|16,071
|16,974
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Admit rate
|15.64%
|17.94%
|17.69%
|20.15%
|26.11%
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Enrolled
|7,278
|7,462
|7,050
|7,290
|6,879
|- style="text-align:center;"
![[Yield (college admissions)|Yield]]
|47.34%
|47.49%
|47.27%
|45.36%
|40.53%
|- style="text-align:center;"
!SAT range
|1360-1530
|1350–1530
|1350–1530
|1360–1530
|1340–1520
|- style="text-align:center;"
!ACT range
|31-34
|31–34
|31–34
|31–35
|31–34
|-
| colspan=6 style="text-align: center" |'''Fall [[Transfer_admissions_in_the_United_States|transfers]]'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Applicants
|6,832
|6,113
|5,633
|4,942
|4,513
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Admits
|2,385
|2,109
|2,062
|2,051
|2,066
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Admit rate
|34.91%
|34.50%
|36.61%
|41.50%
|45.78%
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Enrolled
|1,580
|1,414
|1,342
|1,407
|1,305
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Yield
|66.25%
|67.05%
|65.08%
|68.60%
|63.17%
|}

''U.S. News & World Report'' rates Michigan "Most Selective"<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan—Ann Arbor |url = https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor-9092 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211013104427/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-michigan-ann-arbor-9092 |archive-date = October 13, 2021 |access-date = October 14, 2021 |website = U.S. News & World Report }}</ref> and The Princeton Review rates its admissions selectivity of 96 out of 99.<ref>{{Cite web |title = University of Michigan—Ann Arbor |url = https://www.princetonreview.com/college/university-michigan--ann-arbor-1023092 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211029173734/https://www.princetonreview.com/college/university-michigan--ann-arbor-1023092 |archive-date = October 29, 2021 |access-date = October 14, 2021 |publisher = The Princeton Review }}</ref> Admissions are characterized as "more selective, lower transfer-in" according to the Carnegie Classification.<ref name="Carnegie" /><ref name="Students profile 2020">{{Cite web |title = Student Profile |url = https://admissions.umich.edu/apply/first-year-applicants/student-profile |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201125080309/https://admissions.umich.edu/apply/first-year-applicants/student-profile |archive-date = November 25, 2020 |access-date = November 25, 2020 |website = Office of Undergraduate Admissions |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref> Michigan received over 83,000 applications for a place in the 2021–22 freshman class, making it one of the most applied-to universities in the United States.<ref name="Students profile 2020" /><ref>{{Cite web |title = Colleges With the Most Applications |url = https://www.theclassroom.com/colleges-with-the-most-applications-data-study.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211029174758/https://www.theclassroom.com/colleges-with-the-most-applications-data-study.html |archive-date = October 29, 2021 |access-date = October 12, 2021 |website = theclassroom.com |language = en }}</ref> Of those students accepted to Michigan's Class of 2027, 7,050 chose to attend.

Admission is based on academic prowess, extracurricular activities, and personal qualities. The university's admission process is [[need-blind]] for domestic applicants.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Williams |first = Kaitlin |date = September 29, 2011 |title = University admissions still need-blind despite funding cuts |url = https://www.michigandaily.com/uncategorized/u-doesnt-consider-household-income-admissions-process/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230504072113/https://www.michigandaily.com/uncategorized/u-doesnt-consider-household-income-admissions-process/ |archive-date = May 4, 2023 |access-date = May 4, 2023 |work = [[The Michigan Daily]] }}</ref> Admissions officials consider a student's standardized test scores, application essay and letters of recommendation to be important academic factors, with emphasis on an applicant's academic record and GPA, while ranking an applicant's high school class rank as 'not considered'.<ref name="CDS2022-23"/><ref name="CDS2021-22"/> In terms of non-academic materials as of 2022, Michigan ranks character/personal qualities and whether the applicant is a first-generation university applicant as 'important' in making first-time, first-year admission decisions, while ranking extracurricular activities, talent/ability, geographical residence, state residency, volunteer work, work experience and level of applicant's interest as 'considered'.<ref name="CDS2022-23"/> Some applicants to Music, Theatre and Dance and some applicants to the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] may be interviewed.<ref name="CDS2022-23"/> A portfolio is required and considered for admission for Art, Architecture and the [[Ross School of Business]].<ref name="CDS2022-23"/> Submission of standardized test scores is recommended but not compulsory.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Future of Testing Is Anything but Standardized |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/admissions/traditional-age/2024/02/26/no-emerging-consensus-standardized-test-policies |website=insidehighered.com |publisher=Inside Higher Ed |access-date=July 1, 2024 }}</ref> Of the 52% of enrolled freshmen in 2023 who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1350–1530. Of the 18% of the incoming freshman class who submitted ACT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 31 and 34.

Since the fall of 2021, the university has had the largest number of students in the state, surpassing [[Michigan State University]]'s former enrollment leadership.<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Ramirez |first1 = Charles E. |last2 = Kozlowski |first2 = Kim |date = October 3, 2023 |title = UM Ann Arbor remains largest university in state as competition to get in intensifies |url = https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2023/10/02/um-ann-arbor-enrollment-52000-sets-another-record/71029768007 |access-date = February 2, 2024 |website = The Detroit News }}</ref> Given the state's shrinking pool of college-age students, there is public concern that the university's expansion could harm smaller schools by drawing away good students.<ref name="bridgemi-112">{{cite web |last1 = Lohman |first1 = Isabel |last2 = Wilkinson |first2 = Mike |date = April 4, 2022 |title = U-M, MSU thrive while Michigan regional universities scramble for students |url = https://www.bridgemi.com/talent-education/u-m-msu-thrive-while-michigan-regional-universities-scramble-students |access-date = February 2, 2024 |website = bridgemi.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last = Atwood |first = Sarah |date = January 22, 2024 |title = University enrollment is up in Michigan, but big schools far outpacing smaller colleges |url = https://www.lansingstatejournal.com/story/news/local/campus/2024/01/22/michigan-state-university-um-enrollment-gains-public-universities/72310711007/ |access-date = February 2, 2024 |website = Lansing State Journal }}</ref> Some of the state's regional public universities and smaller private colleges have already seen significant declines in enrollment, while others face difficulties in maintaining enrollment figures without lowering admission standards.<ref name="bridgemi-112"/>

The university experienced an unexpected surge in student enrollment for the 2023 academic year, having admitted more students than it could support.<ref name="03072024md">{{cite web |first1=Noor |last1=Khanafer |first2=Sneha |last2=Dhandapani |first3=Miles |last3=Anderson |first4=Marissa |last4=Corsi |title=Santa Ono talks Honors Convocation, student housing shortages in exclusive interview with The Michigan Daily |url=https://www.michigandaily.com/news/administration/santa-ono-talks-honors-convocation-student-housing-shortages-in-exclusive-interview-with-the-michigan-daily/ |website=michigandaily.com |date=March 26, 2024 |access-date=July 3, 2024 }}</ref> This [[yield (college admissions)|over-yield]] situation has placed considerable strain on student housing affordability, heightened faculty members' workloads, and stretched resources thin.<ref name="03072024md" /> The university is now embracing a steady-state admissions management strategy aimed at maintaining a stable class size.<ref name="03072024md" />

====Graduate====

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:85%; margin:10px"
! colspan="10" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Michigan Wolverines|color=white}}" |Doctoral program statistics of <br/>the Rackham Graduate School
|-
!&nbsp;
!2023<ref name="rackham">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = Rackham Doctoral Program Statistics |url = https://tableau.dsc.umich.edu/t/UM-Public/views/RackhamDoctoralProgramStatistics/ProgramStatistics |access-date = July 27, 2024 |publisher = The Rackham Graduate School at the University of Michigan }}</ref>
!2022<ref name="rackham" />
!2021<ref name="rackham" />
!2020<ref name="rackham" />
!2019<ref name="rackham" />
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Applicants
|19,098
|17,547
|18,820
|17,061
|16,079
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Offers
|2,816
|2,480
|2,349
|2,326
|2,479
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Selectivity
|14.75%
|14.13%
|12.48%
|13.63%
|15.42%
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Matriculations
|1,233
|981
|1,013
|945
|1,078
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Yield
|43.79%
|39.56%
|43.12%
|40.63%
|43.49%
|}

The [[Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies]], the graduate school of the University of Michigan, received a total of 19,098 applications for admission into its doctoral programs for the 2023 admission year, encompassing the Summer and Fall terms.<ref name="rackham" />  The school extended offers of admission to 2,816 applicants, representing 14.75% of the applicant pool.<ref name="rackham" /> Subsequently, 1,233 of the offers were accepted, resulting in a yield rate of 43.79% for the academic year.<ref name="rackham" /> Applicants may submit multiple applications to different doctoral programs and receive multiple offers, but can only matriculate into one program at a time. Doctoral programs that are not administered by Rackham are not included in the statistics.

The selectivity of admissions to doctoral programs varies considerably among different disciplines, with certain highly competitive fields exhibiting acceptance rates in the single digits. For instance, in 2023, the field of [[Doctor of Business Administration|Business Administration]] admitted only 5.2% of its 519 applicants. Similarly, the field of Sociology had a selectivity rate of 5.01%, selecting from a pool of 439 applicants. The field of Psychology was even more competitive, with a selectivity rate of 4.1% out of 805 applicants. Other traditionally highly competitive fields include Philosophy, Public Policy & Economics, Political Science, and Robotics.<ref name="rackham" />

====History of admissions policies====

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:85%; margin:10px; text-align:center;"
|+ Enrollment in University of Michigan-Ann Arbor (2013–2024)
! Academic Year
! Undergraduates
! Graduate
! Total Enrollment
|-
! 2013–2014<ref name="CDS2013-14">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2013–2014 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2013-2014_umaa.pdf |access-date = February 1, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 28,283 || 15,427 || 43,710
|-
! 2014–2015<ref name="CDS2014-15">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2014–2015 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2014-2015_umaa.pdf |access-date = February 1, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 28,395 || 15,230 || 43,625
|-
! 2015–2016<ref name="CDS2015-16">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2015–2016 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2015-2016_umaa.pdf |access-date = February 1, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 28,312 || 15,339 || 43,651
|-
! 2016–2017<ref name="CDS2016-17">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2016–2017 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2016-2017_umaa.pdf |access-date = February 1, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 28,964 || 15,754 || 44,718
|-
! 2017–2018<ref name="CDS2017-18">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2017–2018 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2017-2018_umaa.pdf |access-date = February 1, 2024 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 29,821 || 16,181 || 46,002
|-
! 2018–2019<ref name="CDS2018-19">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2018–2019 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2018-2019_umaa.pdf |access-date = December 17, 2023 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 30,318 || 16,398 || 46,716
|-
! 2019–2020<ref name="CDS2019-20">{{Cite web |date = n.d. |title = University of Michigan Common Data Set 2019–2020 |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/cds/cds_2019-2020_umaa.pdf |access-date = December 17, 2023 |publisher = University of Michigan Office of Budget and Planning |quote = For common datasets from 1998–present, see obp.umich.edu/campus-statistics/common-data-set/ }}</ref>
| 31,266 || 16,824 || 48,090
|-
! 2020–2021<ref name="CDS2020-21" />
| 31,329 || 16,578 || 47,907
|-
! 2021–2022<ref name="CDS2021-22" />
| 32,282 || 17,996 || 50,278
|-
! 2022–2023<ref name="CDS2022-23" />
| 32,695 || 18,530 || 51,225
|-
! 2023–2024<ref name="CDS2023-24" />
| 33,730 || 18,335 || 52,065
|}

In August 1841, the university first published its admission requirements for incoming freshmen. These criteria placed a strong emphasis on proficiency in [[ancient languages]], particularly [[Latin]] and Greek.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|33}} Prospective students faced an examination process that assessed their knowledge across various subjects, including arithmetic, algebra, English grammar, geography, [[Latin literature]] (Virgil and Cicero's Select Orations), Greek literature (Jacob's or Felton's Greek Reader), [[Latin grammar]] (Andrews and Stoddard's), and Greek grammar (Sophocles's).

A decade later, the university made a significant change to its admission policy. In 1851, it introduced a more flexible approach by waiving the ancient language requirement for students not pursuing the traditional collegiate course and allowing admission without examination in classical languages for these students.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|44}} This adjustment can be viewed as a prelude to [[scientific education]], signaling a gradual shift from the classical curriculum to a more diverse and modern academic offering.

In the early days of the university, the admission requirements varied across different departments, and most admissions were based on referrals. However, in 1863, a standardized [[entrance examination]] was introduced, establishing a single set of qualifications for admission to all academic and professional departments.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|79}} The university administration at the time praised the implementation of this entrance examination, recognizing its contribution to enhancing the admission process.<ref name="Hinsdale 1906" />{{rp|44}} This entrance examination played a crucial role in the admission process throughout the 19th century until the introduction of nationwide [[standardized tests]].

====Affirmative action====
{{main|Affirmative action at the University of Michigan}}

In 2003, two lawsuits involving U-M's [[affirmative action in the United States|affirmative action]] admissions policy reached the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] (''[[Grutter v. Bollinger]]'' and ''[[Gratz v. Bollinger]]''). U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] publicly opposed the policy before the court issued a ruling.<ref>{{Cite news |date = January 15, 2003 |title = President Bush Discusses Michigan Affirmative Action Case |url = https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20030115-7.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110305233331/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20030115-7.html |archive-date = March 5, 2011 |access-date = December 27, 2008 |publisher = Office of the Press Secretary, White House }}</ref> The court found that race may be considered as a factor in university admissions in all public universities and private universities that accept federal funding, but it ruled that a point system was unconstitutional. In the first case, the court upheld the Law School admissions policy, while in the second it ruled against the university's undergraduate admissions policy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grilliot |first1=Jeffrey |title=Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger. A case study |date=May 2007|journal=Leadership Studies Ed.D. Dissertations|url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/ws/send_file/send?accession=bgsu1174575216&disposition=inline}}</ref> The debate continued because in November 2006, Michigan voters passed [[Michigan Civil Rights Initiative|Proposal 2]], banning most affirmative action in university admissions. Under that law, race, gender, and national origin can no longer be considered in admissions.<ref name="Goodman 2007">{{Cite news |last = Goodman |first = David N. |date = January 11, 2007 |title = University of Michigan Drops Affirmative Action for Now |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011002095.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121110151213/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011002095.html |archive-date = November 10, 2012 |access-date = January 12, 2007 |newspaper = The Washington Post |agency = Associated Press }}</ref> U-M and other organizations were granted a stay from implementation of the law soon after that referendum. This allowed time for proponents of affirmative action to decide legal and constitutional options in response to the initiative results. In April 2014, the Supreme Court ruled in ''[[Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action]]'' that Proposal 2 did not violate the U.S. Constitution. The admissions office states that it will attempt to achieve a diverse student body by looking at other factors, such as whether the student attended a disadvantaged school, and the level of education of the student's parents.<ref name="Goodman 2007" />

{{clear}}