Editing Treponema pallidum (section)

==Treatment==
During the early 1940s, rabbit models in combination with the drug [[penicillin]] allowed for a long-term drug treatment. These experiments established the groundwork that modern scientists use for syphilis therapy. Penicillin can inhibit ''T. pallidum'' in 6–8 hours, though the cells still remain in lymph nodes and regenerate. Penicillin is not the only drug that can be used to inhibit ''T. pallidum''; any [[Β-lactam antibiotic|β-lactam]] antibiotics or [[macrolide]]s can be used.<ref name="Fantry">{{Cite web |title=Treponema Pallidum (Syphilis) |work=Infectious Disease and Antimicrobial Agents |last1=Fantry |first1=Lori E. |last2=Tramont |first2=Edmund C. |url=http://www.antimicrobe.org/b242.asp |via=www.antimicrobe.org |access-date=12 November 2019}}</ref> The ''T. pallidum'' strain 14 has built-in resistance to some macrolides, including [[erythromycin]] and [[azithromycin]]. Resistance to macrolides in ''T. pallidum'' strain 14 is believed to derive from a single-point mutation that increased the organism's livability.<ref name="Stamm-2010">{{Cite journal|last=Stamm|first=Lola V.|date=1 February 2010 |title=Global Challenge of Antibiotic-Resistant ''Treponema pallidum''|journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy |volume=54|issue=2|pages=583–9 |doi=10.1128/AAC.01095-09|pmid=19805553 |pmc=2812177}}</ref> Many of the syphilis treatment therapies only lead to [[Bacteriostatic agent|bacteriostatic]] results, unless larger concentrations of penicillin are used for [[Bactericide|bactericidal]] effects.<ref name="Fantry" /><ref name="Stamm-2010" /> Penicillin overall is the most recommended antibiotic by the Centers for Disease Control, as it shows the best results with prolonged use. It can inhibit and may even kill ''T. pallidum'' at low to high doses, with each increase in concentration being more effective.<ref name="Stamm-2010"/> The Guideline Development Group has recommended the development of a new treatment, a short course treatment that is administered orally and can cross the placental barriers in pregnant women.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/b09100 |title=Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum (syphilis) and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services |date=2024-07-17 |publisher=World Health Organization|doi=10.2471/b09100 }}</ref>