Editing Transcription factor (section)

=== DNA-binding domain ===
[[File:Transcription factors DNA binding sites.svg|thumb|right|DNA contacts of different types of [[w:DNA-binding domain|DNA-binding domains]] of transcription factors]]

{{Main|DNA-binding domain}}
The portion ([[protein domains|domain]]) of the transcription factor that binds DNA is called its DNA-binding domain.  Below is a partial list of some of the major families of DNA-binding domains/transcription factors:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:300pt;"| Family
! style="width:100pt;"| [[InterPro]]
! style="width:100pt;"| [[Pfam]]
! style="width:100pt;"| [[Structural Classification of Proteins|SCOP]]
|-
| [[basic helix-loop-helix]]<ref name="pmid7553065">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Littlewood TD, Evan GI |year=1995 |title=Transcription factors 2: helix-loop-helix |journal=Protein Profile |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=621–702 |pmid=7553065}}</ref>
| {{InterPro|IPR001092}}
| {{Pfam|PF00010}}
| {{SCOP|47460}}
|-
| basic-leucine zipper ([[bZIP domain|bZIP]])<ref name="pmid12192032">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Vinson C, Myakishev M, Acharya A, Mir AA, Moll JR, Bonovich M |date=September 2002 |title=Classification of human B-ZIP proteins based on dimerization properties |journal=Molecular and Cellular Biology |volume=22 |issue=18 |pages=6321–35 |doi=10.1128/MCB.22.18.6321-6335.2002 |pmc=135624 |pmid=12192032}}</ref>
| {{InterPro|IPR004827}}
| {{Pfam|PF00170}}
| {{SCOP|57959}}
|-
| C-terminal effector domain of the bipartite response regulators
| {{InterPro|IPR001789}}
| {{Pfam|PF00072}}
| {{SCOP|46894}}
|-
| AP2/ERF/GCC box
| {{InterPro|IPR001471}}
| {{Pfam|PF00847}}
| {{SCOP|54176}}
|-
| [[helix-turn-helix]]<ref name="pmid8831795">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wintjens R, Rooman M |date=September 1996 |title=Structural classification of HTH DNA-binding domains and protein-DNA interaction modes |journal=Journal of Molecular Biology |volume=262 |issue=2 |pages=294–313 |doi=10.1006/jmbi.1996.0514 |pmid=8831795}}</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| [[homeodomain fold|homeodomain proteins]], which are encoded by [[homeobox]] genes, are transcription factors.  Homeodomain proteins play critical roles in the regulation of [[developmental biology|development]].<ref name="pmid7979246">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gehring WJ, Affolter M, Bürglin T |year=1994 |title=Homeodomain proteins |journal=Annual Review of Biochemistry |volume=63 |pages=487–526 |doi=10.1146/annurev.bi.63.070194.002415 |pmid=7979246}}</ref><ref name="pmid 26464018">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bürglin TR, Affolter M |date=June 2016 |title=Homeodomain proteins: an update |journal=Chromosoma |volume=125 |issue=3 |pages=497–521 |doi=10.1007/s00412-015-0543-8 |pmc=4901127 |pmid=26464018}}</ref>
| {{InterPro|IPR009057}}
| {{Pfam|PF00046}}
| {{SCOP|46689}}
|-
| [[CI protein|lambda repressor]]-like
| {{InterPro|IPR010982}}
|
| {{SCOP|47413}}
|-
| srf-like ([[serum response factor]])
| {{InterPro|IPR002100}}
| {{Pfam|PF00319}}
| {{SCOP|55455}}
|-
| [[pax genes|paired box]]<ref name="pmid9297966">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Dahl E, Koseki H, Balling R |date=September 1997 |title=Pax genes and organogenesis |journal=BioEssays |volume=19 |issue=9 |pages=755–65 |doi=10.1002/bies.950190905 |pmid=9297966 |s2cid=23755557}}</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| [[winged helix]]
| {{InterPro|IPR013196}}
| {{Pfam|PF08279}}
| {{SCOP|46785}}
|-
| [[zinc finger]]s<ref name="pmid11179890">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Laity JH, Lee BM, Wright PE |date=February 2001 |title=Zinc finger proteins: new insights into structural and functional diversity |journal=Current Opinion in Structural Biology |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=39–46 |doi=10.1016/S0959-440X(00)00167-6 |pmid=11179890}}</ref>
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|-
| * multi-domain Cys<sub>2</sub>His<sub>2</sub> zinc fingers<ref name="pmid10940247">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wolfe SA, Nekludova L, Pabo CO |year=2000 |title=DNA recognition by Cys2His2 zinc finger proteins |journal=Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure |volume=29 |pages=183–212 |doi=10.1146/annurev.biophys.29.1.183 |pmid=10940247}}</ref>
| {{InterPro|IPR007087}}
| {{Pfam|PF00096}}
| {{SCOP|57667}}
|-
| * Zn<sub>2</sub>/Cys<sub>6</sub>
|
|
| {{SCOP|57701}}
|-
| * Zn<sub>2</sub>/Cys<sub>8</sub> [[nuclear receptor]] zinc finger
| {{InterPro|IPR001628}}
| {{Pfam|PF00105}}
| {{SCOP|57716}}
|}