Editing Tourette syndrome (section)

=== Quality of life ===
People with Tourette's are affected by the consequences of tics and by the efforts to suppress them.<ref name= Evans /> Head and eye tics can interfere with reading or lead to headaches, and forceful tics can lead to [[repetitive strain injury]].{{sfnp|Abi-Jaoude|Kideckel|Stephens|Lafreniere-Roula|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=4Tkdm1vRFbUC&pg=PA564 564]}} Severe tics can lead to pain or injuries; as an example, a rare [[cervical disc herniation]] was reported from a neck tic.<ref name= Robertson2017 /><ref name= Efron2018 /> Some people may learn to camouflage socially inappropriate tics or channel the energy of their tics into a functional endeavor.<ref name= phenomenology />

A supportive family and environment generally give those with Tourette's the skills to manage the disorder.<ref name= Evans /><ref>{{harvp|Leckman|Cohen|1999|p=37}}. "For example, individuals who were misunderstood and punished at home and at school for their tics or who were teased mercilessly by peers and stigmatized by their communities will fare worse than a child whose interpersonal environment was more understanding and supportive."</ref><ref name= Derail>{{cite journal |vauthors= Cohen DJ, Leckman JF, Pauls D |title= Neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood: Tourette's syndrome as a model |journal= Acta Paediatr Suppl |volume= 422 |pages= 106–111 |publisher= Scandinavian University Press |date= 1997 |quote= The individuals with TS who do the best, we believe, are: those who have been able to feel relatively good about themselves and remain close to their families; those who have the capacity for humor and for friendship; those who are less burdened by troubles with attention and behavior, particularly aggression; and those who have not had development derailed by medication.|pmid= 9298805 |doi= 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb18357.x |s2cid= 19687202 }}</ref> Outcomes in adulthood are associated more with the perceived significance of having tics as a child than with the actual severity of the tics. A person who was misunderstood, punished or teased at home or at school is likely to fare worse than a child who enjoyed an understanding environment.<ref name=phenomenology /> The long-lasting effects of bullying and teasing can influence self-esteem, self-confidence, and even employment choices and opportunities.<ref name= Evans>{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans J, Seri S, Cavanna AE |title=The effects of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders on quality of life across the lifespan: a systematic review |journal=Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=939–948 |date=September 2016 |pmid=26880181 |pmc=4990617 |doi=10.1007/s00787-016-0823-8 |type= Review}}</ref>{{sfnp|Müller-Vahl|2013|p=630}} Comorbid ADHD can severely affect the child's well-being in all realms, and extend into adulthood.<ref name= Evans />

Factors impacting [[quality of life]] change over time, given the natural fluctuating course of tic disorders, the development of [[coping]] strategies, and a person's age. As ADHD symptoms improve with maturity, adults report less negative impact in their occupational lives than do children in their educational lives.<ref name= Evans /> Tics have a greater impact on adults' [[psychosocial]] function, including financial burdens, than they do on children.{{sfnp|Müller-Vahl|2013|p=627}} Adults are more likely to report a reduced quality of life due to depression or anxiety;<ref name=Evans /> depression contributes a greater burden than tics to adults' quality of life compared to children.{{sfnp|Müller-Vahl|2013|p=627}} As coping strategies become more effective with age, the impact of OCD symptoms seems to diminish.<ref name= Evans />