Editing Tokyo (section)

==== Floods ====
[[File:Tokyoflood.jpg|left|thumb|The Great Flood of August 1910, [[Taitō|Taito]]]]
Tokyo is located on the [[Kantō Plain]] with five river systems and dozens of rivers that expand during each season.<ref name="flood-protection">{{cite web |date=November 29, 2018 |title=The underground cathedral protecting Tokyo from floods |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20181129-the-underground-cathedral-protecting-tokyo-from-floods |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108092638/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20181129-the-underground-cathedral-protecting-tokyo-from-floods |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |website=BBC}}</ref> Important rivers are [[Edo River|Edogawa]], [[Naka River (Saitama Tokyo)|Nakagawa]], [[Arakawa River (Kantō)|Arakawa]], [[Kanda River|Kandagawa]], [[Meguro River|Megurogawa]] and [[Tama River|Tamagawa]].<ref name="flood-tokyo">{{cite web |date=February 28, 2020 |title=Floods in Tokyo and Safety Tips and Preparation |url=https://www.realestate-tokyo.com/living-in-tokyo/emergency-disaster/flood-in-tokyo-japan/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814012652/https://www.realestate-tokyo.com/living-in-tokyo/emergency-disaster/flood-in-tokyo-japan/ |archive-date=August 14, 2020 |website=Plaza Homes}}</ref> In 1947, [[Typhoon Kathleen]] struck Tokyo, destroying 31,000 homes and killing 1,100 people.<ref name="flood-protection" /> In 1958, [[Typhoon Ida (1958)|Typhoon Ida]] dropped {{convert|400|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain in a single week, causing streets to flood.<ref name="flood-protection" /> In the 1950s and 1960s, the [[Government of Japan|government]] invested 6–7% of the national budget on disaster and risk reduction.<ref name="flood-protection" /> A huge system of dams, levees, and tunnels was constructed.<ref name="flood-protection" /> The purpose is to manage heavy rain, [[typhoon|typhonic]] rain, and river floods.<ref name="flood-protection" />[[File:Geofront_Temple^_首都圏外郭放水路_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|The [[Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel|MAOUDC]] is the world's largest underground floodwater diversion facility.]]Tokyo has currently the world's largest underground floodwater diversion facility called the [[Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel]] (MAOUDC).<ref name="maoudc">{{cite web |title=Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel |url=http://www.afar.com/places/metropolitan-area-outer-underground-discharge-channel-kasukabe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914132022/https://www.afar.com/places/metropolitan-area-outer-underground-discharge-channel-kasukabe |archive-date=September 14, 2018 |access-date=January 10, 2015}}</ref><ref name="flood-protection" /> It took 13 years to build and was completed in 2006. The MAOUDC is a {{convert|6.3|km|mi|abbr=on}} long system of tunnels, {{convert|22|m|ft|sp=us}} underground, with {{convert|70|m|ft|sp=us|adj=on}} tall cylindrical tanks, each tank being large enough to fit a space shuttle or the Statue of Liberty.<ref name="flood-protection" /> During floods, excess water is collected from rivers and drained to the [[Edo River]].<ref name="flood-tokyo" /> Low-lying areas of [[Kōtō]], [[Edogawa, Tokyo|Edogawa]], [[Sumida, Tokyo|Sumida]], [[Katsushika]], [[Taitō]] and [[Arakawa, Tokyo|Arakawa]] near the [[Arakawa River (Kanto)|Arakawa River]] are most at risk of flooding.<ref name="flood-tokyo" />