Editing Thales of Miletus (section)

==== Prediction of solar eclipse ====
{{main|Eclipse of Thales}}
As mentioned above, according to Herodotus, Thales predicted a solar eclipse [[Battle of the Eclipse|which occurred during a battle]] between the [[Lydians]] and the [[Medes]].<ref name="1.74.2" /> Among eclipses of the era, only the eclipse of 28 May 585 BC reached totality in [[Anatolia]] where the war took place. American writer [[Isaac Asimov]] described this battle as the earliest historical event whose date is known with precision to the day, and called the prediction "the birth of science".<ref>{{cite book |last=Singer |first=C. |title=A Short History of Science to the 19th century |publisher=Streeter Press |year=2008 |page=35}}<!--(copied from [[Thales]]--></ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Needham |first=C. W. |title=Cerebral Logic: Solving the Problem of Mind and Brain |publisher=Loose Leaf |year=1978 |isbn=978-0-398-03754-3 |page=75}}<!--(copied from [[Thales]]--></ref>

[[File:Solar eclipse 1999 4.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Total [[eclipse]] of the [[Sun]]]]

[[Herodotus]] writes that in the sixth year of the war, the Lydians under King [[Alyattes of Lydia|Alyattes]] and the Medes under [[Cyaxares]] were engaged in an indecisive battle when suddenly day turned into night, leading to both parties halting the fighting and negotiating a peace agreement. Herodotus also mentions that the loss of daylight had been predicted by Thales. He does not, however, mention the location of the battle.<ref>[[Herodotus]]: ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]]'' 1,74,2 ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D74%3Asection%3D2 online])</ref>

{{blockquote|Afterwards, on the refusal of Alyattes to give up his suppliants when Cyaxares sent to demand them of him, war broke out between the Lydians and the Medes, and continued for five years, with various success.  In the course of it the Medes gained many victories over the Lydians, and the Lydians also gained many victories over the Medes. Among their other battles there was one night engagement. As, however, the balance had not inclined in favour of either nation, another combat took place in the sixth year, in the course of which, just as the battle was growing warm, day was on a sudden changed into night. This event had been foretold by Thales, the Milesian, who forewarned the Ionians of it, fixing for it the very year in which it actually took place.  The Medes and Lydians, when they observed the change, ceased fighting, and were alike anxious to have terms of peace agreed on.<ref name=Rawlinson>{{cite book |url=http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.mb.txt |title=The Histories |author=Herodotus |translator-first=George |translator-last=Rawlinson}}</ref>}}

However, based on the list of [[Median language|Median kings]] and the duration of their reign reported elsewhere by Herodotus, Cyaxares died 10 years before the eclipse.<ref>Alden A. Mosshammer: ''Thales' Eclipse''. Transactions of the American Philological Association, Vol. 111, 1981, pp.&nbsp;145–155 ([https://www.jstor.org/stable/284125 JSTOR])</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Wenskus |first=Otta |author-link=Otta Wenskus |year=2016 |title=Die angebliche Vorhersage einer Sonnenfinsternis durch Thales von Milet. Warum sich diese Legende so hartnäckig hält und warum es wichtig ist, ihr nicht zu glauben |url=https://www.uibk.ac.at/zivilrecht/team/barta/wenskus_hermes_2016.pdf |pages=2–17 |language=de |volume=144 |issue=1}}</ref>

D. R. Dicks joins other historians (F. Martini, J. L. E. Dreyer, [[Otto Neugebauer|O. Neugebauer]]) in rejecting the historicity of the eclipse story.<ref name="Dicks" /> Dicks links the story of Thales discovering the cause for a solar eclipse with Herodotus' claim that Thales discovered the cycle of the sun with relation to the solstices, and concludes "he could not possibly have possessed this knowledge which neither the Egyptians nor the Babylonians nor his immediate successors possessed."<ref name="Dicks" />