Editing Tatarstan (section)

=== Ethnic groups ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! colspan="2" | 1926 Census
! colspan="2" | 1939 Census
! colspan="2" | 1959 Census
! colspan="2" | 1970 Census
! colspan="2" | 1979 Census
! colspan="2" | 1989 Census
! colspan="2" | 2002 Census
! colspan="2" | 2010 Census
! colspan="2" | 2021 Census<sup>1</sup><ref name=census2021>{{cite web|title=Национальный состав населения|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=30 December 2022}}</ref>
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Volga Tatars|Tatars]]
| 1,263,383
|48.7%
| 1,421,514
|48.8%
| 1,345,195
|47.2%
| 1,536,430
|49.1%
| 1,641,603
|47.6%
| 1,765,404
|48.5%
| 2,000,116
|52.9%
| 2,012,571
|53.2%
| 2,091,175
|53.6%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Russians]]
| 1,118,834
|43.1%
| 1,250,667
|42.9%
| 1,252,413
|43.9%
| 1,382,738
|42.4%
| 1,516,023
|44.0%
| 1,575,361
|43.3%
| 1,492,602
|39.5%
| 1,501,369
|39.7%
| 1,574,804
|40.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]]
| 127,330
|4.9%
| 138,935
|4.8%
| 143,552
|5.0%
| 153,496
|4.9%
| 147,088
|4.3%
| 134,221
|3.7%
| 126,532
|3.3%
| 116,252
|3.1%
| 90,474
|2.3%
|-
|align="left"|  Others
| 84,485
|3.3%
| 104,161
|3.6%
| 109,257
|3.8%
| 112,574
|3.6%
| 140,698
|4.1%
| 166,756
|4.6%
| 160,015
|4.2%
| 150,244
|4.1%
| 146,914
|3.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="19"| <sup>1</sup> <small>101,442 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.</small><ref name="vQWVL" />
|}
{{Historical populations
|type =
|footnote = Sources: Census data, estimate<ref name=2025estimate>{{cite web|title=Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2025 года|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Сhisl_MO_01-01-2025.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=27 April 2025}}</ref>
|[[1926 Soviet census|1926]] | 2585036
|[[1959 Soviet census|1959]] | 2850417
|[[1970 Soviet census|1970]] | 3131238
|[[1979 Soviet census|1979]] | 3435644
|[[1989 Soviet census|1989]] | 3647809
|[[2002 Russian census|2002]] | 3779265
|[[2010 Russian census|2010]] | 3786488
|[[2021 Russian census|2021]] | 4004809
|2025 | 4019606
}}
[[File:Ethnic map of Tatarstan (2010).PNG|thumb|Ethnic map of Tatarstan (2010)]]
[[File:Этнический состав Республики Татарстан по послениям.png|thumb|400px|Ethnic composition of the Republic of Tatarstan by settlements, 2010 census. {{Legend|#ff0000|[[Russians]]}}{{Legend|#9acd32|[[Tatars]]}}{{Legend|#00ffff|[[Chuvash people|Chuvashes]]}}{{Legend|#ba55d3|[[Mordvins]] ([[Erzyas]] and [[Mokshas]])}}{{Legend|#b0c4de|[[Kryashens]] (Baptised Tatars)}}{{Legend|#ffa500|[[Udmurts]]}}{{Legend|#6a5acd|[[Mari people]]}}]]

There are about 2 million ethnic [[Volga Tatars|Tatars]] and 1.5 million ethnic [[Russians]] in Tatarstan, along with significant numbers of [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]], [[Mari people|Mari]], and [[Udmurts]], some of whom are [[Tatar language|Tatar]]-speaking. The [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]], [[Mordvins|Mordvin]], and [[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] minorities are also significant. Most Tatars are [[Sunni Muslim]]s, but a small minority known as [[Kryashens|Keräşen Tatars]] are [[Eastern Orthodox|Orthodox Christians]], some of whom regard themselves as being distinct from other Tatars even though most Keräşen dialects differ only slightly from the Central Dialect of the Tatar language.<ref name="yTMto" />

There is a fair degree of speculation as to the early origins of the different groups of Tatars, but most Tatars no longer view religious identity as being as important as it once was, and the religious and linguistic subgroups have intermingled considerably. Nevertheless, despite many decades of assimilation and intermingling, some Keräşen demanded and were awarded the option of being specifically enumerated in 2002. This has provoked great controversy, however, as many intellectuals have sought to portray the Tatars as homogeneous and indivisible.<ref name="Mzhso" /> Although listed separately below, the Keräşen are still included in the grand total for the Tatars. Another unique ethnic group, concentrated in Tatarstan, is the [[Qaratay]] [[Mordvins]].

==== Jews ====
{{main|History of Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan}}

Tatar and [[Udmurt people|Udmurt]] Jews are special territorial groups of the [[Ashkenazi Jews]], which started to be formed in the residential areas of mixed Turkic-speaking ([[Volga Tatars|Tatars]], [[Kryashens]], [[Bashkirs]], [[Chuvash people]]), Finno-Ugric-speaking ([[Udmurts]], [[Mari people]]) and Slavic-speaking ([[Russians]]) populations. The Ashkenazi Jews first appeared in Tatarstan in the 1830s.<ref name="Казань" /> The Jews of [[Udmurtia]] and Tatarstan are subdivided by cultural and linguistic characteristics into two territorial groups: 1) Udmurt Jews (Udmurt Jewry), who lived on the territory of [[Udmurtia]] and the north of Tatarstan; 2) Tatar Jews, or Kazan Jews (Tatar Jewry or Kazan Jewry), who lived mainly in the city of Kazan and its agglomeration.<ref name="snioo.ru" />