Editing Symbiosis (section)

=== Seed dispersal ===

{{Main|Seed dispersal syndrome}}

Seed dispersal is the movement, spread or transport of [[seed]]s away from the parent plant. Plants have limited mobility and rely upon a variety of [[dispersal vector]]s to transport their propagules, including both [[abiotic]] vectors such as the wind and living ([[Biotic component|biotic]]) vectors like birds. In order to attract animals, these plants evolved a set of morphological characters such as [[fruit]] colour, mass, and persistence correlated to particular seed dispersal agents.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tamboia|first1=Teri|last2=Cipollini|first2=Martin L.|last3=Levey|first3=Douglas J. |title=An evaluation of vertebrate seed dispersal syndromes in four species of black nightshade (Solanum sect. Solanum) |journal=Oecologia |volume=107 |issue=4 |pages=522–532 |date=September 1996 |pmid=28307396 |doi=10.1007/bf00333944 |bibcode=1996Oecol.107..522T }}</ref> For example, plants may evolve conspicuous fruit colours to attract avian frugivores, and birds may learn to associate such colours with a food resource.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lim |first1=Ganges |last2=Burns |first2=Kevin C. |date=2021-11-24 |title=Do fruit reflectance properties affect avian frugivory in New Zealand? |journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=319–329 |doi=10.1080/0028825X.2021.2001664 }}</ref><!--need other examples here, preferably as subsections-->