Editing Stonewall riots (section)

===Community===

[[File:Stonewall was a riot.jpg|thumb|Banner reading "Stonewall was a riot" pictured during Berlin Pride, 2009]]
Within two years of the Stonewall riots, there were gay rights groups in every major American city, as well as in Canada, Australia, and Western Europe.{{sfn|Adam|1987|p=82}} People who joined activist organizations after the riots had very little in common other than their [[Homosexuality|same-sex attraction]]. Many who arrived at GLF or GAA meetings were taken aback by the number of gay people in one place.{{sfn|Marcus|2002|pp=152–155}} Race, class, ideology, and gender became frequent obstacles in the years after the riots. This was illustrated during the 1973 Stonewall rally when, moments after [[Barbara Gittings]] exuberantly praised the diversity of the crowd, feminist activist [[Jean O'Leary]] protested what she perceived as the mocking of women by [[cross-dressers]] and [[drag queen]]s in attendance. During a speech by O'Leary, in which she claimed that drag queens made fun of women for entertainment value and profit, [[Sylvia Rivera]] and [[Lee Brewster]] jumped on the stage and shouted "You go to bars because of what drag queens did for you and ''these bitches'' tell us to quit being ourselves!"{{sfn|Clendinen|1999|pp=171–172}} Both the drag queens and lesbian feminists in attendance left in disgust.{{sfn|Duberman|1993|p=236}}

[[File:Stockholm Pride Parade - Anarchist block - 2726504058.jpg|thumb|[[Queer anarchism|Queer anarchists]] at [[Stockholm Pride]] with banner reading "Remember Stonewall"]]
O'Leary also worked in the early 1970s to exclude transgender people from gay rights issues because she felt that rights for transgender people would be too difficult to attain.{{sfn|Duberman|1993|p=236}} Sylvia Rivera left New York City in the mid-1970s, relocating to [[Tarrytown, New York|upstate New York]].<ref name=RiveraWholeInterview95>{{cite video |url=https://vimeo.com/35975275|title=Randy Wicker Interviews Sylvia Rivera on the Pier|time=Repeatedly throughout interview}} September 21, 1995. Retrieved July 24, 2015.</ref> She later returned to the city in the mid-1990s, after the 1992 death of friend [[Marsha P. Johnson]]. Rivera lived on the "gay pier" at the end of Christopher street and advocated for homeless members of the gay community.<ref name=RiveraWholeInterview95/><ref name=RiveraInterview2>{{cite video |url=https://vimeo.com/35975275 |title=Randy Wicker Interviews Sylvia Rivera on the Pier |time=14:17}} September 21, 1995. Retrieved July 24, 2015.</ref> The initial disagreements among participants in the movements often evolved after further reflection. O'Leary later regretted her stance against the drag queens attending in 1973: "Looking back, I find this so embarrassing because my views have changed so much since then. I would never pick on a transvestite now."{{sfn|Duberman|1993|p=236}} "It was horrible. How could I work to exclude transvestites and at the same time criticize the feminists who were doing their best back in those days to exclude lesbians?"{{sfn|Marcus|2002|p=156}}

O'Leary was referring to the [[Lavender Menace]], an appellation by [[second-wave feminist]] [[Betty Friedan]] based on attempts by members of the [[National Organization for Women]] (NOW) to distance themselves from the perception of NOW as a haven for lesbians. As part of this process, [[Rita Mae Brown]] and other lesbians who had been active in NOW were forced out. They staged a protest in 1970 at the Second Congress to Unite Women and earned the support of many NOW members, finally gaining full acceptance in 1971.{{sfn|Adam|1987|pp=90–91}}

The growth of [[lesbian feminism]] in the 1970s at times so conflicted with the gay liberation movement that some lesbians refused to work with gay men. Many lesbians found men's attitudes patriarchal and chauvinistic and saw in gay men the same misguided notions about women that they saw in heterosexual men.{{sfn|Faderman|1991|pp=211–212}} The issues most important to gay men—[[entrapment]] and public solicitation—were not shared by lesbians. In 1977, a Lesbian Pride Rally was organized as an alternative to sharing gay men's issues, especially what [[Adrienne Rich]] termed "the violent, self-destructive world of the gay bars".{{sfn|Faderman|1991|pp=211–212}} Veteran gay activist Barbara Gittings chose to work in the gay rights movement, explaining, "It's a matter of where does it hurt the most? For me it hurts the most not in the female arena, but the gay arena."{{sfn|Faderman|1991|pp=211–212}}

Throughout the 1970s, gay activism had significant successes. One of the first and most important was the "zap" in May 1970 by the Los Angeles GLF at a convention of the [[American Psychiatric Association]] (APA). At a conference on [[behavior modification]], during a film demonstrating the use of [[electroshock therapy]] to decrease same-sex attraction, [[Morris Kight]] and GLF members in the audience interrupted the film with shouts of "Torture!" and "Barbarism!"<ref name="williams">{{harvnb|Williams|Retter|2003|p=121}}</ref> They took over the microphone to announce that medical professionals who prescribed such therapy for their homosexual patients were complicit in torturing them. Although 20 psychiatrists in attendance left, the GLF spent the hour following the zap with those remaining, trying to convince them that homosexual people were not mentally ill.<ref name="williams"/> When the APA invited gay activists to speak to the group in 1972, activists brought [[John E. Fryer]], a gay psychiatrist who wore a mask, because he felt his practice was in danger. In December 1973—in large part due to the efforts of gay activists—the APA voted unanimously to remove homosexuality from the ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual]]''.{{sfn|Marcus|2002|pp=146–147}}{{sfn|Cain|2007|p=65}}

Gay men and lesbians came together to work in [[grassroots]] political organizations responding to organized resistance in 1977. A coalition of conservatives named [[Save Our Children]] staged a campaign to repeal a civil rights ordinance in [[Miami-Dade County]]. Save Our Children was successful enough to influence similar repeals in several American cities in 1978. However, that same year, a campaign in California called the [[Briggs Initiative]], designed to force the dismissal of homosexual public school employees, was defeated.{{sfn|Cain|2007|p=275}} Reaction to the influence of Save Our Children and the Briggs Initiative in the gay community was so significant that it has been called the second Stonewall for many activists, marking their initiation into political participation.{{sfn|Fejes|2008|p=214}} The subsequent 1979 [[National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights]] was timed to coincide with the tenth anniversary of the Stonewall riots.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghaziani|first=Amin|year=2008|title=The Dividends of Dissent: How Conflict and Culture Work in Lesbian and Gay Marches on Washington|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-28995-3|pages=55–56}}</ref>