Editing Statin (section)

===Decreasing of specific protein prenylation===
Statins, by inhibiting the HMG CoA reductase pathway, inhibit downstream synthesis of isoprenoids, such as [[farnesyl pyrophosphate]] and [[geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate]]. Inhibition of protein [[prenylation]] for proteins such as [[Transforming protein RhoA|RhoA]] (and subsequent inhibition of [[Rho-associated protein kinase]]) may be involved, at least partially, in the improvement of endothelial function, modulation of immune function, and other [[Pleiotropy|pleiotropic]] cardiovascular benefits of statins,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Laufs U, Custodis F, Böhm M | title = HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in chronic heart failure: potential mechanisms of benefit and risk | journal = Drugs | volume = 66 | issue = 2 | pages = 145–154 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16451090 | doi = 10.2165/00003495-200666020-00002 | s2cid = 46985044 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Greenwood J, Steinman L, Zamvil SS | title = Statin therapy and autoimmune disease: from protein prenylation to immunomodulation | journal = Nature Reviews. Immunology | volume = 6 | issue = 5 | pages = 358–370 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16639429 | pmc = 3842637 | doi = 10.1038/nri1839 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lahera V, Goicoechea M, de Vinuesa SG, Miana M, de las Heras N, Cachofeiro V, Luño J | title = Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis: beneficial effects of statins | journal = Current Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 243–248 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17266583 | doi = 10.2174/092986707779313381 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Blum A, Shamburek R | title = The pleiotropic effects of statins on endothelial function, vascular inflammation, immunomodulation and thrombogenesis | journal = Atherosclerosis | volume = 203 | issue = 2 | pages = 325–330 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 18834985 | doi = 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Porter KE, Turner NA | title = Statins and myocardial remodelling: cell and molecular pathways | journal = Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine | volume = 13 | issue = e22 | pages = e22 | date = July 2011 | pmid = 21718586 | doi = 10.1017/S1462399411001931 | s2cid = 1975524 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sawada N, Liao JK | title = Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase pathway as therapeutic targets for statins in atherosclerosis | journal = Antioxidants & Redox Signaling | volume = 20 | issue = 8 | pages = 1251–1267 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 23919640 | pmc = 3934442 | doi = 10.1089/ars.2013.5524 }}</ref> as well as in the fact that a number of other drugs that lower LDL have not shown the same cardiovascular risk benefits in studies as statins,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.medpagetoday.com/Endocrinology/GeneralEndocrinology/47224 | title = Questions Remain in Cholesterol Research | website = MedPageToday | date = 15 August 2014 | access-date = 27 April 2015 | archive-date = 25 February 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210225224042/https://www.medpagetoday.com/endocrinology/generalendocrinology/47224 | url-status = live }}</ref> and may also account for some of the benefits seen in cancer reduction with statins.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Thurnher M, Nussbaumer O, Gruenbacher G | title = Novel aspects of mevalonate pathway inhibitors as antitumor agents | journal = Clinical Cancer Research | volume = 18 | issue = 13 | pages = 3524–3531 | date = July 2012 | pmid = 22529099 | doi = 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0489 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref> In addition, the inhibitory effect on protein prenylation may also be involved in a number of unwanted side effects associated with statins, including muscle pain (myopathy)<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Norata GD, Tibolla G, Catapano AL | title = Statins and skeletal muscles toxicity: from clinical trials to everyday practice | journal = Pharmacological Research | volume = 88 | pages = 107–113 | date = October 2014 | pmid = 24835295 | doi = 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.04.012 }}</ref> and elevated blood sugar (diabetes).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kowluru A | title = Protein prenylation in glucose-induced insulin secretion from the pancreatic islet beta cell: a perspective | journal = Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 164–173 | date = January 2008 | pmid = 18053094 | pmc = 3823478 | doi = 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00168.x }}</ref>