Editing Spy fiction (section)

==Spy television and cinema==

===Cinema===

Much spy fiction was adapted as [[spy film]]s in the 1960s, ranging from the fantastical [[James Bond in film|James Bond series]] to the realistic ''[[The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (film)|The Spy Who Came in from the Cold]]'' (1965), and the hybrid ''[[The Quiller Memorandum]]'' (1966). While Hamilton's [[Matt Helm]] novels were adult and well written, their cinematic interpretations were adolescent [[parody]]. This phenomenon spread widely in Europe in the 1960s and is known as the [[Eurospy]] genre.

English-language [[spy film]]s of the 2000s include ''[[The Bourne Identity (2002 film)|The Bourne Identity]]'' (2002), ''[[Mission: Impossible (film)|Mission: Impossible]]'' (1996); ''[[Munich (2005 film)|Munich]]'' (2005), ''[[Syriana]]'' (2005), and ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|The Constant Gardener]]'' (2005).

Among the [[comedy film]]s focusing on espionage are 1974's ''[[S*P*Y*S]]'', 1985's ''[[Spies Like Us]]'', and the ''[[Austin Powers]]'' film series starring [[Mike Myers]].

===Television===

The American adaptation of ''Casino Royale'' (1954) featured Jimmy Bond in an episode of the ''[[Climax!]]'' anthology series. The narrative tone of television espionage ranged from the drama of ''[[Danger Man]]'' (1960–68) to the sardonicism of ''[[The Man from U.N.C.L.E.|The Man from U.N.C.L.E.]]'' (1964–68) and the flippancy of ''[[I Spy (1965 TV series)|I Spy]]'' (1965–68) until the exaggeration, akin to that of William Le Queux and E. Phillips Oppenheim before the [[World War I|First World War]] (1914–18), degenerated to the parody of ''[[Get Smart]]'' (1965–70).

In 1973, Semyonov's novel ''[[Seventeen Moments of Spring]]'' (1968) was adapted to television as a twelve-part mini-series about the Soviet spy [[Maksim Isaev]] operating in wartime [[Nazi Germany]] as Max Otto von Stierlitz, charged with preventing a separate peace between Nazi Germany and America which would exclude the USSR. The programme ''[[TASS Is Authorized to Declare...]]'' also derives from his work.

However, the circle closed in the late 1970s when ''[[The Sandbaggers]]'' (1978–80) presented the grit and bureaucracy of espionage.

In the 1980s, American television featured the light espionage programmes ''[[Airwolf]]'' (1984–87) and ''[[MacGyver (1985 TV series)|MacGyver]]'' (1985–92), each rooted in the Cold War yet reflecting American citizens' distrust of their government, after the crimes of the [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] Government (the internal, political espionage of the [[Watergate Scandal]] and the [[Vietnam War]]) were exposed. The spy heroes were independent of government; MacGyver, in later episodes and post-DXS employment, works for a non-profit, private [[think tank]], and aviator Hawke and two friends work free-lance adventures. Although each series features an [[intelligence agency]], the DXS in ''MacGyver'', and the FIRM, in ''Airwolf'', its agents could alternately serve as adversaries as well as allies for the heroes.

Television espionage programmes of the late 1990s to the early 2010s include ''[[La Femme Nikita (TV series)|La Femme Nikita]]'' (1997–2001), ''[[Alias (TV series)|Alias]]'' (2001–2006), ''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'' (2001–2010, 2014), ''[[Spooks (TV series)|Spooks]]'' in the UK (release as ''MI-5'' in the US and Canada) (2002-2011), CBBC's ''[[The Secret Show]]'' (2006-2011), NBC's ''[[Chuck (TV Series)|Chuck]]'' (2007-2012), FX's ''[[Archer (2009 TV series)|Archer]]'' (2009–2023), ''[[Burn Notice]]'', ''[[Covert Affairs]]'', ''[[Homeland (TV series)|Homeland]]'', ''[[The Americans]]'' and ABC's ''[[Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.]]'' (2013-2020).

In 2015, ''[[Deutschland 83]]'' is a German television series starring a 24-year-old native of East Germany who is sent to the West as an undercover spy for the HVA, the foreign intelligence agency of the Stasi.