Editing Springfield, Illinois (section)

==Arts and culture==
[[File:Thomas Hicks - Leopold Grozelier - Presidential Candidate Abraham Lincoln 1860 - cropped to lithographic plate.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Abraham Lincoln]] resided in Springfield for 24 years]]
Springfield has been home to a wide array of individuals, who, in one way or another, contributed to the broader American culture. Wandering poet [[Vachel Lindsay]], most famous for his poem "The Congo" and a booklet called "Rhymes to be Traded for Bread", was born in Springfield in 1879.<ref name=lindsay>Wood, Thomas J. and Kirsch, Sarah. [http://www.uis.edu/archives/lindsay/intro.html "Rhymes to Be Traded for Bread"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205120400/http://www.uis.edu/archives/lindsay/intro.html |date=February 5, 2007 }}, Web Exhibit, University of Illinois Springfield. Retrieved February 21, 2007.</ref>
At least two notable people affiliated with American business and industry have called the Illinois state capital home at one time or another. Both [[John L. Lewis]], a labor activist, and [[Marjorie Merriweather Post]], the founder of the [[General Foods Corporation]], lived in the city; Post in particular was a native of Springfield.<ref name=lewis>[http://www.springfield.il.us/Commissions/HistSites/JohnLewisHouse.asp John L. Lewis House] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006020539/http://www.springfield.il.us/Commissions/HistSites/JohnLewisHouse.asp |date=October 6, 2006 }}, Historic Sites Commission of Springfield, Illinois. Retrieved February 21, 2007</ref><ref name=post>Hales, Linda. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?node=cityguide/profile&id=792121 Getting One's Fill at Hillwood] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824124414/https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/?node=cityguide%2Fprofile&id=792121 |date=August 24, 2018 }}, Editorial Review, ''Washington Post'', September 24, 2000. Retrieved February 21, 2007.</ref> In addition, astronomer [[Seth Barnes Nicholson]] was born in Springfield in 1891.<ref name=smith>{{cite book |editor-last1=Murdin |editor-first1=Paul |editor-link1=Paul Murdin |bibcode=2000eaa..bookE3892. |title=Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics |chapter=Nicholson, Seth Barnes (1891-1963) |year=2000 |isbn=978-0333750889 |page=3892 }}</ref>

A [[Madeira]]n [[Portuguese people|Portuguese community]] resided in the vicinity of the Carpenter Street Underpass, one of the earliest and largest [[Portuguese Americans|Portuguese settlements]] in the Midwest. The Portuguese immigrants that originated the community left Madeira because they experienced social ostracization due to being [[Protestantism in Portugal|Protestants]] in their largely [[Catholicism in Portugal|Catholic]] homeland, having been converted to Protestantism by a Scottish reverend named [[Robert Reid Kalley]], who visited Madeira in 1838.<ref name="loc.gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/exiles.html |title=Protestant Exiles from Madeira in Illinois |website=Library of Congress |access-date=June 18, 2020 |archive-date=November 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109082430/http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/exiles.html |url-status=live }}</ref> These Protestant Madeiran exiles relocated to the Caribbean island of [[Trinidad]] before settling permanently in Springfield in 1849.<ref name="loc.gov"/> By the early twentieth century, these immigrants resided in the western extension of a neighborhood known as the "Badlands". The Badlands was included in the widespread destruction and violence of the Springfield Race Riot in August 1908, an event that led to the formation of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] (NAACP). The Carpenter Street archaeological site possesses local and national significance for its potential to contribute to an understanding of the lifestyles of multiple ethnic/racial groups in Springfield during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.<ref name="Springfield Railroads Improvement Project">{{cite web |last1=Martin |first1=Andrea |title=Carpenter Street Underpass |url=http://springfieldrailroad.com/newsite/pdfs/SRIP_CarpenterStreet_FAQ_FINAL8-25-15.pdf |website=Springfield Railroads Improvement Project |publisher=US Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration and the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency |access-date=May 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501161421/http://springfieldrailroad.com/newsite/pdfs/SRIP_CarpenterStreet_FAQ_FINAL8-25-15.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Literary tradition===
Springfield and the Sangamon Valley enjoy a strong literary tradition in [[Abraham Lincoln]], [[Vachel Lindsay]], [[Edgar Lee Masters]], [[John Hay]], [[William H. Herndon]], [[Benjamin P. Thomas]], Paul Angle, [[Virginia Eifert]], Robert Fitzgerald and [[William Keepers Maxwell, Jr.|William Maxwell]], among others. The [[Illinois State Library]]'s Gwendolyn Brooks Building features the names of 35 Illinois authors etched on its exterior fourth floor frieze. Through the Illinois Center for the Book, a comprehensive resource on authors, illustrators, and other creatives who have published books who have written about Illinois or lived in Illinois is maintained.<ref>Illinois Authors on the Illinois State Library http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/library/about/illinois_authors.html {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719214928/http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/library/about/illinois_authors.html |date=July 19, 2013 }} Accessed 8/30/13</ref>

===Performing arts===
The [[Hoogland Center for the Arts]] in downtown Springfield is a centerpiece for performing arts, and houses among other organizations the [[Springfield Theatre Centre]], the Copper Coin Ballet Company, and the [[Springfield Municipal Opera]], also known as The Muni, which stages community theatre productions of Broadway musicals outdoors each summer. Before being purchased and renamed, the Hoogland Center was Springfield's [[Masonic Temple]]. Prior to the Hoogland, the Springfield Theatre Centre was housed in the nearby Legacy Theatre. [[Sangamon Auditorium]], located on the campus of the [[University of Illinois Springfield]] also serves as a larger venue for musical and performing acts, both touring and local.

A few films have been created or had elements of them created in Springfield. ''[[Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde]]'' was filmed in Springfield in 2003.

Musicians [[Artie Matthews]] and [[Morris Day]] both once called Springfield home.<ref name=artie>[{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p306234|pure_url=yes}} Artie Matthews], Biography, AllMusic. Retrieved February 21, 2007.</ref><ref name=day>[http://www.delafont.com/music_acts/morris-day.htm Morris Day and The Time] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208091307/http://www.delafont.com/music_acts/morris-day.htm |date=February 8, 2007 }}, Richard De La Fonte Agency, Inc. Retrieved February 21, 2007.</ref>

Springfield is also home to long-running underground all-ages space [[The Black Sheep Cafe]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Black Sheep Cafe |url=http://blacksheepspringfield.com |website=Black Sheep |access-date=March 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402163511/http://blacksheepspringfield.com/ |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Festivals===
Springfield is home to the annual [[Springfield Old Capitol Art Fair]], a spring festival held annually in the third weekend in May.<ref name="SOCAF">{{cite web |url=http://www.socaf.org/ |title=The Springfield Old Capitol Art Fair :: Springfield Illinois |website=www.socaf.org |access-date=May 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502003059/http://www.socaf.org/ |archive-date=May 2, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since 2002, Springfield has also hosted the 'Route 66 Film Festival', set to celebrate films routed in, based on, or taking part on the famous [[U.S. Route 66|Route 66]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=staff |title=Annual Route 66 Film Festival |url=http://www.centralillinoisfilmcommission.com/?p=1431 |publisher=Central Illinois Film Commission |access-date=February 15, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124024823/http://www.centralillinoisfilmcommission.com/?p=1431 |archive-date=November 24, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="The Independent">{{cite book |title=The Independent: A Magazine for Video and Filmmakers |year=2005 |publisher=Foundation for Independent Video and Film |volume=28 |issue=3–10 |pages=56–58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRMnAQAAIAAJ&q=%22route+66+film+festival%22 }}</ref>

===Tourism===

Springfield is known for some popular food items: the [[corn dog]] is claimed to have been invented in the city under the name "[[Cozy Dog Drive In|Cozy Dog]]", although there is some debate to the origin of the snack.<ref name=uis>{{cite web |work=Oral History Collections |url=http://library.uis.edu/archives/collections/oral/pdf/WALDMIRE.pdf |title=Interview with Edwin Waldmire – Illinois Regional Archives Depository (IRAD) |publisher=Brookens Library, University of Illinois Springfield |access-date=February 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305151833/http://library.uis.edu/archives/collections/oral/pdf/WALDMIRE.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=storch>Storch, Charles. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042120/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-08-16/features/0608150331_1_hot-dog-corn-dog-historic-route Birthplace (maybe) of the corn dog], ''Chicago Tribune'', August 16, 2006, Newspaper Source, ([[EBSCO Information Services|EBSCO]]). Retrieved February 24, 2007.</ref> The [[horseshoe sandwich]], not well known outside of central Illinois, also originated in Springfield.<ref name=hot>{{cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Patricia |last2=Lyon |first2=David |url=http://www.boston.com/ae/food/articles/2006/11/20/the_hottest_thing_in_sandwiches |title=The hottest thing in sandwiches |newspaper=Boston Globe |date=November 20, 2006 |access-date=February 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061202053155/http://www.boston.com/ae/food/articles/2006/11/20/the_hottest_thing_in_sandwiches/ |archive-date=December 2, 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> Springfield was once the site of the [[Reisch Beer]] brewery, which operated for 117 years under the same name and family from 1849 to 1966.<ref name=reisch>{{cite news |url=http://www.ulib.niu.edu:2072/pqdweb?index=0&did=625286242&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1173534473&clientId=8829 |title=117-Year-Old Brewing Co. Closes |format=PDF |work=Chicago Tribune |date=August 8, 1966 |page=C6 |via=ProQuest |access-date=March 10, 2007}}{{Dead link|date=December 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[File:Lincoln's Tomb.JPG|thumb|right|[[Lincoln's Tomb]]]]
The [[Maid-Rite Sandwich Shop (Springfield, Illinois)|Maid-Rite Sandwich Shop]] in Springfield still operates what it claims as the first U.S. [[drive-thru]] window.<ref name=guide>Pearson, Rick. [https://archive.today/20090114181451/http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/chi-0702080400feb09,1,316033.story "A Guide for the National Press"], ''Chicago Tribune'', February 9, 2007. Retrieved February 23, 2007.</ref> The city is also known for its [[chili con carne|chili]], or "chilli", as it is known in many chili shops throughout Sangamon County.<ref name=wills/> The unique spelling is said to have begun with the founder of the Dew Chilli Parlor in 1909, due to a spelling error in its sign.<ref name=conv>[http://www.visit-springfieldillinois.com/About/FunFacts.asp About the City] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315001138/http://www.visit-springfieldillinois.com/About/FunFacts.asp |date=March 15, 2007 }}, Springfield, Illinois Convention and Visitors Bureau. Retrieved February 23, 2007.</ref> Another interpretation is that the misspelling represented the "Ill" in the word Illinois.<ref name=conv/> In 1993, the Illinois state legislature adopted a resolution proclaiming Springfield the "Chilli Capital of the Civilized World".<ref name=wills>Zimmerman-Wills, Penny. [http://www.illinoistimes.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A2233 "Capital City Chilli"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218172421/http://www.illinoistimes.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A2233 |date=February 18, 2007 }}, ''Illinois Times'', January 30, 2003, Retrieved February 23, 2007</ref>

Springfield is dotted with sites associated with U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who started his political career there.<ref name=thomas>Thomas, Benjamin P. ''[https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=25051697 Abraham Lincoln: A Biography] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529073359/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=25051697 |date=May 29, 2012 }}'', Alfred Knopf: New York, (1952). Retrieved February 24, 2007.</ref> These include the [[Lincoln Home National Historic Site]], a [[National Historical Park]] that includes the preserved surrounding neighborhood; the [[Lincoln-Herndon Law Offices State Historic Site]], the [[Lincoln Tomb State Historic Site]], the [[Old State Capitol State Historic Site]], the [[Lincoln Depot]], from which Abraham Lincoln departed Springfield to be [[presidential inauguration|inaugurated]] in Washington, D.C.; the Elijah Iles House, Edwards Place and the [[Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum]]. The church that the Lincoln family belonged to, [[First Presbyterian Church (Springfield, Illinois)|First Presbyterian Church]], still has the original Lincoln family pew on display in its narthex. Near the village of [[Petersburg, Illinois|Petersburg]], is [[New Salem, Menard County, Illinois|New Salem]] State Park, a restored hamlet of log cabins. This is a reconstruction of the town where Lincoln lived as a young man. With the opening of the Presidential Library and Museum in 2004, the city has attracted numerous prominent visitors, including Presidents [[George W. Bush]] and [[Barack Obama]], the actor [[Liam Neeson]], and the [[Emir of Qatar]].<ref name=Qatar>[http://www.qatarembassy.net/The%20visit%20of%20The%20Emir%20of%20Qatar%20to%20The%20United%20States%202005.asp The visit of The Emir of Qatar to the United States (May 2005)] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502103756/http://www.qatarembassy.net/The%20visit%20of%20The%20Emir%20of%20Qatar%20to%20The%20United%20States%202005.asp |date=May 2, 2007 }}, Press Release, Embassy of the State of Qatar in Washington, D.C.. Retrieved February 24, 2007.</ref><ref name=lib>[http://www.alplm.org/home.html# Museum Dedication – A Look Back] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215200414/http://www.alplm.org/home.html |date=February 15, 2009 }}, (note:automatically plays band music), Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved February 24, 2007.</ref>
[[File:Illinoisoldcapitol.jpg|thumb|right|[[Old State Capitol State Historic Site]]]]
The [[Donner Party]], a group of pioneers who resorted to [[Human cannibalism|cannibalism]] while snowbound during a winter in the [[Sierra Nevada]] mountains of California, began their journey West from Springfield.<ref name=donner>Reardon Patrick T. [https://archive.today/20090114193003/http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/chi-0702080399feb09,1,7459474.story Donner Party began here too], ''Chicago Tribune'', February 7, 2007. Retrieved February 21, 2007.</ref> Springfield's [[Dana–Thomas House]] is among the best preserved and most complete of [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]'s early "Prairie" houses.<ref name=ihpa>[http://www.state.il.us/hpa/hs/dana_thomas.htm Dana–Thomas House] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825070830/http://www.state.il.us/hpa/hs/dana_thomas.htm |date=August 25, 2007 }}, State Historic Sites, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Retrieved March 7, 2007.</ref> It was built in 1902–1904 and has many of the furnishings Wright designed for it.<ref name=ihpa/> Springfield's [[Washington Park (Springfield, Illinois)|Washington Park]] is home to [[Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon]] and the site of a carillon festival, held annually since 1962.<ref name=carillon>[http://www.carillon-rees.org/html/festival.html The 46th Annual Carillon Festival] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070319123349/http://www.carillon-rees.org/html/festival.html |date=March 19, 2007 }}, Press Release, Thomas Rees Memorial Carillon. Retrieved February 24, 2007.</ref> In August, the city is the site of the [[Illinois State Fair]] at the [[Illinois State Fairgrounds]].

Although not born in Springfield, Lincoln is the city's most famous resident. He lived there for 24&nbsp;years.<ref name=amer/> The only home he ever owned is open to the public, seven days a week, free of charge, and operated by the [[National Park Service]].<ref name=amer/>

Springfield has the area's largest amusement park, Knight's Action Park and Caribbean Water Park, which is open from May to September. The park also features and operates the city's only remaining [[drive-in theater]], the Route 66 Twin Drive-In.