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===Other languages=== * '''[[Armenian language|Armenian]]''': See [[Spelling reform of the Armenian language 1922–1924]]. * '''[[Bengali language|Bengali]]''': [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]] removed archaic letters used for writing [[Tatsama|Sanskrit loanwords]] (ৠ, ঌ, ৡ, ৱ) and added three new letters (ড়, ঢ়, য়) to reflect contemporary Bengali pronunciation. * '''[[Catalan language|Catalan]]''': The [[Catalan orthography|spelling of the Catalan language]] was standardized, mostly by [[Pompeu Fabra]] in the early 20th century. In 2016 the official regulating bodies of the language, the [[Institute for Catalan Studies]] and the [[Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua|Valencian Language Academy]], published a controversial spelling reform that eliminated some diacritical marks. Both spellings coexisted between 2016 and 2020, when the new spelling became the only acceptable one. * '''[[Chinese language|Chinese]]''': [[Simplified Chinese character]]s replaced [[Traditional Chinese character|traditional characters]] in [[Mainland China]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]], although traditional characters are still used in [[Taiwan]], [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]]. * '''[[Czech language|Czech]]''': The spelling of the Czech language was reformed and regularised as early as the 15th century through the publication of the manuscript ''[[Orthographia bohemica]]''. * '''[[Danish language|Danish]]''': There were spelling reforms to the [[Danish orthography]] in 1872 and 1889 (with some changes in 1892). In a 1948 reform, the Danish language abandoned the capitalization of common nouns (originally a German-inspired rule) to align with the other Scandinavian languages. At the same time, the digraph Aa/aa was abandoned in favor of the Swedish letter [[Å]]/å. The double-a digraph is still widely used in personal names and is optional in a few placenames. In 1980, [[W]] was recognized as a distinct letter. Before that, it was considered a variation of [[V]] for purposes of collation. * '''[[Maldivian language|Dhivehi]]''': Replaced writing Arabic loanwords in [[Arabic script]] to ''thikijehi [[thaana]]'', 20th century. * '''[[Filipino language|Filipino]]''': See [[Filipino orthography]]. * '''[[Galician language|Galician]]''': See [[Reintegrationism]]. * '''[[Georgian language|Georgian]]''': In the 19th century the Georgian alphabet underwent removal of five letters (ჱ, ჳ, ჲ, ჴ, ჵ). * '''[[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]]''': The spelling reform of 1973 replaced the letter [[kra (letter)|''kra'']] (Kʼ / ĸ) by Q and removed diacritics by changing a number of spelling conventions. * '''[[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]''': The Hebrew language has two systems of spelling – with and without vowel marks, called [[Niqqud]]. Niqqud is used consistently only in books for children, poetry, and some textbooks and religious literature. Most other texts are usually written without vowel marks. The [[Academy of the Hebrew Language]] publishes rules for both vocalized and unvocalized spelling. The latest major revision to the rules of unvocalized spelling were published in 1996, although in practice they are not mandatory. To date there is no standard spelling for unvocalized Hebrew, and many Hebrew speakers spell according to their own instinct and custom.{{dubious|date=May 2014}} See [[Hebrew spelling]]. * '''[[Korean language|Korean]]''': The [[hangul|''hangul'' alphabet]] completely replaced ''[[hanja]]'' ideograms in the Korean language in the [[North Korea|North]], while ''hanja'' still sees very limited use for clarification and abbreviation in the [[South Korea|South]]. * '''[[Latvian language|Latvian]]''': Old versions of [[Latvian orthography]] were German-based, they were replaced by a more appropriate system at the beginning of the 20th century. The Latvian language discarded the digraph ''Uo'' in 1914, the letters ''Ō'' and ''Ŗ'' in 1946, and the digraph ''Ch'' in 1957. * '''[[Polish language|Polish]]''': See [[History of Polish orthography]]. * '''[[Quechuan languages|Quechua]]''' and '''[[Aymara language|Aymara]]''': See [[Quechuan and Aymaran spelling shift]]. * '''[[Swedish language|Swedish]]''': The last major reform of [[Swedish orthography]] occurred in 1906. It homogenized the spelling of {{IPA|/v/}} and changed the adverbial and neuter adjectival ending ''-dt'' to ''-t'' or ''-tt'' depending on the length of the preceding vowel. The phrase {{lang|sv|hvarken af silfver eller rödt guld}} was now spelled {{lang|sv|varken av silver eller rött guld}}. Some people, particularly teachers, had called for an even more radical reform that would also homogenise the spellings of the {{IPA|/j/}}, {{IPA|/ɕ/}}, {{IPA|/[[ɧ]]/}} and {{IPA|/ɔ/}} sounds, which to this day remain highly diverse in Swedish, and replace the ''ck'' letter sequence with ''kk''. These more radical reforms met opposition from linguists at an early stage.<ref name=sprakt/> * '''[[Thai language|Thai]]''': The two letters "[[ฃ]]" and "ฅ" were discarded in 1892, being uniformly replaced by "ข" and "ค", respectively. A [[Thai spelling reform of 1942|more extensive spelling reform]] was carried out in 1942, which eliminated a larger number of letters and altered the spelling of several words, but was abandoned shortly after in 1944. * '''[[Turkish language|Turkish]]''': The [[Turkish alphabet]] replaced the [[Ottoman Turkish script]] in the [[Turkish language#Language reform|Turkish language]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/turkey/25.htm|title=Turkey - Language Reform: From Ottoman to Turkish|website=countrystudies.us|access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref> *'''[[Venetian language|Venetian]]''': The Venetian language has never had an official orthography, because it was considered a dialect until recent times, and also now many do not consider it as a "distinct" language. Many other [[languages of Italy]] are in the same situation. Regardless, there are some attempts to establish a standard orthography for Venetian, like the ''Grafia Veneta Unitaria'' ("shared Venetian spelling"), a [[spelling]] created by a committee convened by the region [[Veneto]] in 1995. * '''[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]''': In the Vietnamese language, the [[Vietnamese alphabet]] replaced the earlier [[Chữ Nôm]] system in the 1920s.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}}
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