Editing Sovereign immunity (section)

===Japan===
Article 17 of the [[Constitution of Japan]] states: "Every person may sue for redress as provided by law from the State or a public entity, in case he has suffered damage through illegal act of any public official."<ref>{{cite web|title= The Constitution of Japan|website= Japanese Law Translation|url= http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?id=174|access-date= August 7, 2020|archive-date= January 5, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210105093921/http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?id=174|url-status= dead}}</ref> The {{Nihongo|State Redress Act|国家賠償法 | kokka baishōhō}} was made according to this article.<ref>{{cite web|title= State Redress Act|website=Japanese Law Translation |url= http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?ft=1&re=02&dn=1&x=0&y=0&co=01&ia=03&ja=04&ky=国家賠償法&page=3 |access-date=August 10, 2020}}</ref> Officials who commit torts themselves are not liable, although the State or a public entity has the right to obtain reimbursement from the officers if there is intent or gross negligence on the part of them.<ref>{{cite web|title= 最高裁判所判例集 事件番号 昭和49(オ)419 |website= Supreme Court of Japan |url= https://www.courts.go.jp/app/hanrei_jp/detail2?id=53226 |access-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref> The [[Administrative Litigation Act]] enables the people to file lawsuits involving the [[government of Japan]].

On November 20, 1989, the [[supreme court of Japan|Supreme Court]] ruled that it does not have judicial power over the [[emperor of Japan|Emperor]] because he is "the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people".<ref>{{cite web|title= 最高裁判所判例集 事件番号 平成1(行ツ)126|website= Supreme Court of Japan |url= https://www.courts.go.jp/app/hanrei_jp/detail2?id=52451 |access-date=August 10, 2020}}</ref>