Editing Sleep apnea (section)

====Pharyngeal obstruction====
[[Tonsillectomy]] and [[uvulopalatopharyngoplasty]] (UPPP or UP3) are available to address pharyngeal obstruction.<ref name="Chang-2023" />

[[File:UPPP. 4 figures..png|thumb|upright=1.5|Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. A) pre-operative, B) original UPPP, C) modified UPPP, and D) minimal UPPP.]]

The "Pillar" device is a treatment for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea; it is thin, narrow strips of [[polyester]]. Three strips are inserted into the roof of the mouth (the [[soft palate]]) using a modified syringe and local anesthetic, in order to stiffen the soft palate. This procedure addresses one of the most common causes of snoring and sleep apnea&nbsp;— vibration or collapse of the soft palate. It was approved by the FDA for snoring in 2002 and for obstructive sleep apnea in 2004. A 2013 meta-analysis found that "the Pillar implant has a moderate effect on snoring and mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea" and that more studies with high level of evidence were needed to arrive at a definite conclusion; it also found that the polyester strips work their way out of the soft palate in about 10% of the people in whom they are implanted.<ref name=pillar>{{cite journal | vauthors = Choi JH, Kim SN, Cho JH | title = Efficacy of the Pillar implant in the treatment of snoring and mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis | journal = The Laryngoscope | volume = 123 | issue = 1 | pages = 269–76 | date = January 2013 | pmid = 22865236 | doi = 10.1002/lary.23470 | s2cid = 25875843 }}</ref>