Editing Sarawak (section)

=== Education ===
{{main|List of schools in Sarawak|List of universities in Malaysia}}
[[File:Chancellory Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.JPG|thumbnail|[[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (UNIMAS) chancellory building]]

Education in Malaysia falls under the remit of two federal ministries; the [[Ministry of Education (Malaysia)|Malaysian Ministry of Education]] is responsible for primary and secondary education,<ref name="Sarawak education"/> while the [[Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia)|Ministry of Higher Education]] has oversight over public universities, polytechnic and community colleges.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia - Institutions |url=http://www.mohe.gov.my/en/institutions-2 |publisher=Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia |access-date=6 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201355/http://www.mohe.gov.my/en/institutions-2 |archive-date=6 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Early childhood education is not directly controlled by the Ministry of Education as it does with primary and secondary education. However, the ministry does oversee the licensing of private kindergartens, the main form of early childhood education, in accordance with the National Pre-School Quality Standard, which was launched in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ooi |first1=May Sim |title=Pre-school education crucial |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/education/2016/02/21/preschool-education-crucial/ |website=The Star Online |publisher=Star Media Group Berhad |access-date=3 April 2017 |date=21 February 2016}}</ref>

Around the time of Federation, overall literacy in Sarawak was quite low. In 1960, the overall literacy rate was 25%, with a heavy slant in the literacy rate towards the Chinese population, 53%, compared with that of indigenous peoples which was substantially lower, only 17%.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Silcock |first1=T.H |title=The Political Economy of Independent Malaya:A case-study in development |date=1963 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |page=46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Sp8Ix7_8IsC&pg=PA46 |access-date=21 December 2015}}</ref> By 2007, overall literacy in adults aged 15 and over had significantly increased to 92.3% and in 2012, this had climbed to 96%.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yussop |first1=Yunus |title=Greater rural wealth with higher literacy rate |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/05/14/greater-rural-wealth-with-higher-literacy-rate/ |website=Borneo Post Online |publisher=BorneoPost |access-date=3 April 2017 |date=14 May 2012}}</ref>

There were 1480 schools in Sarawak in 2014, of which 1271 were primary, 202 were secondary and 7 were vocational/technical secondary schools.<ref>{{cite web |last1=State Planning Unit |first1=Chief Ministers Department |title=Sarawak Facts & Figures 2015 |url=http://www.jkm.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=publication&sub=publication_show&id=3 |access-date=3 April 2017 |ref=SPU2015 |page=40 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821170029/http://www.jkm.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=publication&sub=publication_show&id=3 |archive-date=21 August 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Among these are a number of schools that date from the Brooke era, including [[SMK St. Thomas|St. Thomas's School Kuching]] (1848), St Mary's School Kuching (1848), and St Joseph's School Kuching (1882).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Edgar |first1=Ong |title=Can you blame Sarawak and Sabah for feeling left out? |url=http://www.theantdaily.com/Main/Can-you-blame-Sarawak-and-Sabah-for-feeling-left-out |access-date=21 December 2015 |publisher=The Ant Daily |date=10 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615085243/http://www.theantdaily.com/Main/Can-you-blame-Sarawak-and-Sabah-for-feeling-left-out |archive-date=15 June 2015 |quote=The eight schools missing from the incomplete list are St. Thomas's School Kuching (1848), St Mary's School Kuching (1848), St Joseph's School Kuching (1882), St Teresa's School Kuching (1885), St Michael's School Sandakan (1886), St Michael's School Penampang (1888), All Saints' School, Likas (1903) and St Patrick's School Tawau (1917).}}</ref> As well as government schools, there are four international schools: Tunku Putra School, a primary and secondary school offering national and Cambridge curricula, Lodge International School, which is also open to local students and uses both the British National and Cambridge systems, Kidurong International School, which is owned by [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]] and offers primary education mainly to children of employees but local children may enter depending on space availability, and Tenby International School, which opened in 2014 and is open to both local and expatriate children.<ref name="Oxford education">{{cite web |title=Sarawak's public and private sectors work together to revamp education |date=23 April 2015 |url=http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawaks-public-and-private-sectors-work-together-revamp-education |publisher=Oxford Business Group |access-date=21 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221141840/http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/sarawaks-public-and-private-sectors-work-together-revamp-education |archive-date=21 December 2015}}</ref> There are also 14 [[Chinese independent high school|Chinese independent secondary schools]] in Sarawak that teach in Chinese rather than English or Malay.<ref>{{cite web |title=砂拉越华文独中通讯录 (Communication directory of Sarawak Chinese independent schools) |url=http://shadongzong.org/secondary-schools/ |access-date=1 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231125149/http://shadongzong.org/secondary-schools/ |archive-date=31 December 2013 |language=zh}}</ref> Previously, only Chinese students were enrolled in these schools, but mobility of the workforce has led to increasing turnover of students as parents move to other areas for employment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Of Chinese schools and their student population |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/06/24/of-chinese-schools-and-their-student-population/ |website=Borneo Post Online |access-date=3 April 2017 |date=24 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=How Pim |first1=Lim |title=Bumiputera children in Chinese schools no longer unusual |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2020/11/11/bumiputera-children-in-chinese-schools-no-longer-unusual/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611051948/https://www.theborneopost.com/2020/11/11/bumiputera-children-in-chinese-schools-no-longer-unusual/ |archive-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> This has led to an increasing number of [[Bumiputera (Malaysia)|Bumiputera]] students being enrolled in Chinese primary and preschools.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thesundaily.my/node/135077 |title=55,975 bumiputera pupils in Chinese schools |work=Bernama |publisher=The Sun |date=17 December 2010 |access-date=26 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626080230/http://www.thesundaily.my/node/135077 |archive-date=26 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Sarawak is home to three public universities – [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]], [[Universiti Teknologi Mara]] at [[Kota Samarahan]], and [[Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus|Universiti Putra Malaysia]] – as well as the private [[Curtin University, Malaysia]] and [[Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus]]. The latter two are satellite campuses of [[Curtin University]] in [[Perth]] and [[Swinburne University of Technology]] in [[Melbourne]], Australia.<ref name="Sarawak education">{{cite web |title=Education |url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/197/215/ |publisher=Official Website of the Sarawak Government |access-date=21 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907185329/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/197/215/ |archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref>

With the establishment of SCORE and the associated potential of 1.6 million more jobs by 2030,<ref name="Oxford education"/> the state government allocated RM1 billion from 2016 to 2020 to a Skills Development Fund for vocational education.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yes |first1=Sarawak |title=The growth of Technical Vocational Education and Training in Sarawak |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/05/23/the-growth-of-technical-vocational-education-and-training-in-sarawak/ |website=The Borneo Post online |access-date=5 April 2017 |date=23 May 2015 |quote=Under the 11th Malaysia Plan from 2016 to 2020, the government has allocated RM1 billion for a Skills Development Fund to enable more students to receive skills and vocational education.}}</ref> In 2015, [[Petronas]] provided vocational scholarships to 150 underprivileged Sarawak students as part of its Vocational Institution Sponsorship and Training Assistance program,<ref>{{cite web |title=150 Petronas scholarships for MRSM students |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/03/08/150-petronas-scholarships-for-mrsm-students/ |website=The Borneo Post online |access-date=5 April 2017 |date=8 March 2015}}</ref> although it had been criticised for under-representing local students in its previous allocations;<ref>{{cite web |title=Petronas under scholarship fire |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2015/06/25/petronas-under-scholarship-fire-supp-chief-national-oil-company-not-giving-sarawakians-enough/ |website=The Star Online |access-date=5 April 2017 |date=25 June 2015}}</ref> the company also provided support to other Sarawak vocational education centres.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Newsdesk |title=Petronas continues to support SCaT fair |url=http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/54873/Petronas-continues-to-support-SCaT-Fair/ |website=New Sarawak Tribune |access-date=5 April 2017 |date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406110327/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/54873/Petronas-continues-to-support-SCaT-Fair/ |archive-date=6 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>