Editing San Juan, Puerto Rico (section)

=== Architecture ===
{{See also|National Register of Historic Places listings in San Juan, Puerto Rico}}[[File:Puerto Rico 01.jpg|thumb|[[Old San Juan]]|left]]
[[File:Miami Building Facade.JPG|thumb|The [[Art Deco]] [[Miami Building]] on [[Ashford Avenue|Ashford Ave]] in [[Condado (Santurce)|Condado]].]]
The architecture of San Juan is very diverse, due to its size and all the cultural influences received during its existence. The oldest part of the city, known as [[Old San Juan]], mostly features the influence of [[Spanish architecture]]. This part of the city is comprised by a network of [[Sett (paving)|"setted" roads]] usually surrounded by colonial, two-storied houses built on [[masonry]]. Some colonial structures have been restored and serve either as government offices or museums.<ref name="Grupo Editorial EPRL">{{cite web|url=http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php |title=Viejo San Juan |work=Enciclopedia Puerto Rico |author=Grupo Editorial EPRL |access-date=November 4, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723220237/http://www.enciclopediapr.org/pr_new/viejo_sanjuan.php |archive-date=July 23, 2013 }}</ref> Some examples are the [[Ballajá Barracks]], which now serve as museum and headquarters of several cultural organizations; [[La Fortaleza]], which has served as the residence of the [[Governor of Puerto Rico]] since the 16th Century; and the Ancient Welfare Asylum, which now houses the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, among others. Old San Juan also features several public squares, like the [[Plaza de Armas, San Juan|Plaza de Armas]], located in front of San Juan City Hall; and cathedrals, like the [[Catedral Metropolitana Basílica de San Juan Bautista (San Juan, Puerto Rico)|Cathedral of San Juan Bautista]].<ref name="Grupo Editorial EPRL" /> Old San Juan is also notable for being partly enclosed by [[City Wall of San Juan|massive walls]] and fortifications built by the [[Spanish government]]. The colonial Walls of the city of San Juan had five gates. The main was the Puerta de San Juan, today preserved, built in 1635. It also had the Puerta de San José, the Puerta de Santa Rosa, the Puerta de San Justo and the Puerta de Santiago, the latter built between 1635 and 1641 by Spanish Captain General Íñigo de la Mota Sarmiento.

The architecture is more varied in other districts of the city, and the different [[Spanish architecture|Spanish]], [[Architecture of the United States|American]] and [[List of Puerto Rican architects|Puerto Rican]] construction styles that reflect the historic architecture trends are most evident in the districts of [[Puerta de Tierra, San Juan|Puerta de Tierra]], [[Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico|Santurce]], [[Hato Rey]] and [[Pueblo, San Juan, Puerto Rico|downtown Río Piedras]], with [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]], [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]], [[Art Deco]], and [[Mid-century modern|Mid-Century Modern]] being the most popular styles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-13 |title=San Juan, Puerto Rico Is a Supremely Underrated Historic Architectural Goldmine |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/san-juan-architecture-tour |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=Architectural Digest |language=en-US}}</ref> Many of the buildings that best exemplify these architectural trends in San Juan are also inscribed in the [[United States National Register of Historic Places listings|United States National Register of Historic Places]] (NRHP), such as the [[Nuestra Señora de Lourdes Chapel]] ([[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]], 1907),<ref>{{cite news |author=González Bolívar, Janet |date=March 26, 2009 |title=La histórica Capilla Nuestra Señora de Lourdes ofrece concierto |newspaper=[[Primera Hora (Puerto Rico)|Primera Hora]] |url=http://www.primerahora.com/lahistoricacapillanuestrasenoradelourdesofrececoncierto-285896.html |access-date=December 24, 2022 |archive-date=May 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508044942/http://www.primerahora.com/lahistoricacapillanuestrasenoradelourdesofrececoncierto-285896.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[Antiguo Casino de Puerto Rico]] ([[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]], 1917),<ref name="nrhpdoc">{{cite web |author=A. Tarr |date=January 1977 |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Antiguo Casino de Puerto Rico |url={{NRHP url|id=77001554}} |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NRHP url|id=77001554|title=accompanying seven photos|photos=y}}</ref> the [[Normandie Hotel]] ([[Art Deco]], 1942),<ref name="NRIS">{{NRISref|2013a|name=Hotel Normandie|refnum=80004295|accessdate=December 1, 2021|dateform=mdy}}</ref> and the [[Supreme Court Building (Puerto Rico)|Puerto Rico Supreme Court Building]] ([[Modern architecture|Modern]], 1955).<ref name="nrhpinv3">{{cite web |author=Juan Llanos Santos and Karen Gonzalez Jenson |year=2006 |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Supreme Court Building |url={{NRHP url|id=06000506}} |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NRHP url|id=06000506|title=''Accompanying six photos, exterior and interior, from 2006''|photos=y}}</ref> The University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus is also home to a rich variety of buildings that showcase the history of Puerto Rican architecture throughout the past 120 years, with buildings designed by notable architects such as [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]'s student [[Henry Klumb]], [[Edward H. Bennett]], [[William E. Parsons]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Bennett, Parsons and Frost |title=San Juan (Puerto Rico), Plan - University of Puerto Rico, additions |url=http://digital-libraries.saic.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/mqc/id/2680/rec/164 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233307/http://digital-libraries.saic.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/mqc/id/2680/rec/164 |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=30 December 2013 |work=Plan and perspective rendering for proposed additions to the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras. |publisher=The Art Institute of Chicago}}</ref> and [[Rafael Carmoega]] who designed the distinctive [[Roosevelt Tower|clock tower]] and the [[The Quadrangle (University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras)|university quadrangle]], both of which were inscribed in the NRHP in 1984.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=NPGallery Asset Detail |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/84003174 |access-date=2022-01-22 |website=npgallery.nps.gov}}</ref>