Editing Rusyn language (section)

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |[[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" |[[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br>[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" |[[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
!<small>hard</small>
!<small>soft</small>
!<small>hard</small>
!<small>soft</small>
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|n}}
| {{IPA link|nʲ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
| {{IPA link|p}}
| {{IPA link|t}}
| {{IPA link|tʲ}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|k}}
|
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
| {{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA link|d}}
| {{IPA link|dʲ}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
|
| {{IPA link|t͡s}}
| {{IPA link|t͡sʲ}}
| {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}
|
|
|
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
|
| {{IPA link|d͡z}}
| {{IPA link|d͡zʲ}}
| {{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
| {{IPA link|f}}
| {{IPA link|s}}
| {{IPA link|sʲ}}
| {{IPA link|ʃ}}
| ({{IPA link|ʃʲ}})
| {{IPA link|x}}
| {{IPA link|h}}
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
| {{IPA link|v}}
| {{IPA link|z}}
| {{IPA link|zʲ}}
| {{IPA link|ʒ}}
| ({{IPA link|ʒʲ}})
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
|
| {{IPA link|r}}
| {{IPA link|rʲ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Lateral consonant|Approximant]]
!<small>[[Lateral approximant|lateral]]</small>
|
| {{IPA link|l}}
| {{IPA link|lʲ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!<small>[[Approximant consonant|central]]</small>
| ({{IPA link|w}}){{efn|group=b|The [{{IPA link|w}}] sound only exists within alteration of [{{IPA link|v}}]. However, in the [[Lemko language|Lemko variety]], the [{{IPA link|w}}] sound also represents the non-palatalized L, as is the case with the Polish [[ł]].}}
|
|
|
| {{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|}
{{notelist|group=b}}

A soft consonant combination sound [{{IPA|ʃʲt͡ʃʲ}}] exists more among the northern and western dialects. In the eastern dialects the sound is recognized as [{{IPA|ʃʲʃʲ}}], including the area on which the standard dialect is based. It is noted that a combination sound like this one, could have evolved into a soft fricative sound [{{IPA|ʃʲ}}].{{sfn|Pugh|2009|p=476}}

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2" |[[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA link|i}}
|
| {{IPA link|u}}
|-
| {{IPA link|ɪ}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɤ}}
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| {{IPA link|ɛ}}
|
| {{IPA link|o}}
|- align="center"
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| {{IPA link|a}}
|
|}

* /{{IPA link|ɪ}}/ and /{{IPA link|ɤ}}/ tend to be more towards centralized as [{{IPA|ɪ̈}}], [{{IPA|ɤ̈}}].{{sfn|Pugh|2009|p=24}}