Editing Romanticism (section)

===South America===
{{See also|Brazilian Romantic painting}}
[[File:Grecian-Gothic neoclassical-romantic style-contrast 1816-Repton.jpg|thumb|A print exemplifying the contrast between neoclassical vs. romantic styles of landscape and architecture (or the "Grecian" and the "Gothic" as they are termed here), 1816]]
[[File:Ángel DELLA Valle - La vuelta del malón - Google Art Project (cropped).jpg|thumb|305x305px|''[[:es:La_vuelta_del_malón|La vuelta del malón]]'' by [[Ángel Della Valle]] (1892)]]
Spanish-speaking South American Romanticism was influenced heavily by [[Esteban Echeverría]], who wrote in the 1830s and 1840s. His writings were influenced by his hatred for the Argentine dictator [[Juan Manuel de Rosas]], and filled with themes of blood and terror, using the metaphor of a [[The Slaughter Yard|slaughterhouse to portray the violence of Rosas' dictatorship]].

Another important milestone in Argentine Romantic literature is ''[[Amalia (novel)|Amalia]]'' by [[José Mármol]], which is a love story set in the context of the Rosas' dictatorial regime.

[[Domingo Faustino Sarmiento|Domingo Sarmiento]], who would later become [[President of Argentina]], published ''[[Facundo]]'' in 1845, a work of [[Creative nonfiction|creative non-fiction]], of considerable Romantic and [[Positivism|positivist]] influence, in which he discussed the region's development, modernization, power and culture. Literary critic [[Roberto González Echevarría|Roberto González Echeverría]] calls the work "the most important book written by a Latin American in any discipline or genre".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Echevarría |first=Roberto González |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169379.001.0001 |title=Cervantes'Don Quixote |date=2005-04-28 |publisher=Oxford University PressNew York, NY |doi=10.1093/oso/9780195169379.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-516937-9}}</ref>

Brazilian Romanticism is characterized and divided in three different periods. The first period is focused on the creation of a sense of national identity, using the ideal of the heroic Indian. Some examples include [[José de Alencar]], who wrote ''[[Iracema]]'' and ''[[The Guarani|O Guarani]]'', and [[Gonçalves Dias]], renowned by the poem "[[Canção do exílio]]" (Song of the Exile). The second period, sometimes called [[Ultra-Romanticism]], is marked by a profound influence of European themes and traditions, involving the melancholy, sadness and despair related to unobtainable love. Goethe and Lord Byron are commonly quoted in these works. Some of the most notable authors of this phase are [[Álvares de Azevedo]], [[Casimiro de Abreu]], [[Fagundes Varela]] and [[Junqueira Freire]]. The third period is marked by social poetry, especially the abolitionist movement, and it includes [[Castro Alves]], [[Tobias Barreto]] and [[Pedro Luís Pereira de Sousa]].<ref>Roberto González Echevarría and Enrique Pupo-Walker, ''The Cambridge History of Latin American Literature: Brazilian Literature'' (1996) vol. 2 p. 367</ref>
[[File:Decatur Boarding the Tripolitan Gunboat.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dennis Malone Carter]], ''Decatur Boarding the Tripolitan Gunboat'', 1878. Romanticist vision of the Battle of Tripoli, during the [[First Barbary War]]. It represents the moment when the American war hero [[Stephen Decatur]] was fighting hand-to-hand against the Muslim pirate captain.]]