Editing Rochester, New York (section)

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Rochester city, New York – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Rochester city, New York |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US3663000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date= }}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Rochester city, New York |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US3663000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date= }}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Rochester city, New York |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US3663000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date= }}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|97,395
|79,178
|style='background: #ffffe6; |69,792
|44.32%
|37.60%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |33.03%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|82,267
|83,346
|style='background: #ffffe6; |80,459
|37.43%
|39.58%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |38.07%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|809
|666
|style='background: #ffffe6; |490
|0.37%
|0.32%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.23%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|4,867
|6,350
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8,403
|2.21%
|3.02%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.98%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|61
|77
|style='background: #ffffe6; |62
|0.03%
|0.04%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.03%
|-
|Some Other Race alone (NH)
|474
|392
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,004
|0.22%
|0.19%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.48%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|5,868
|6,100
|style='background: #ffffe6; |9,249
|2.67%
|2.90%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.38%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|28,032
|34,456
|style='background: #ffffe6; |41,869
|12.75%
|16.36%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |19.81%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''219,773'''
|'''210,565'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''211,328'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

As of the 2020 Census, 38.0% of Rochester residents were non-Hispanic Black, 33.0% were non-Hispanic White, 19.8% were Hispanic/Latino, 3.9% were Asian, 0.2% were Native American or Pacific Islander, and 5.1% were mixed or other.<ref name=Census2020>{{cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Rochester%20city,%20ny&y=2020 |website=data.census.gov |access-date=19 January 2024}}</ref>

[[File:Race and ethnicity 2020 Rochester, NY.png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Rochester, NY 2020 U.S. Census. Each dot is one person: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(115, 178, 255)|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(159, 212, 0)|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(255, 0, 0)|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(255, 170, 0)|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(140, 81, 181)|Multiracial}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(153, 102, 51)|Native American/Other}}]]

In 2020, there were 91,500 households, of which 18.8% were married couples living together, 9.9% were unmarried co-habitating couples, 42.3% had a female householder with no partner present, and 29.0% had a male householder with no partner present. Of all households, 41.3% were made up of individuals, 25.3% had children under 18 living with them, and 9.2% had someone living alone 65 or older. 33.1% of housing units were owner-occupied, and 66.9% were rented. The age distribution was 18.8% under 18, 15.4% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 or older. The [[Population pyramid|median age]] was 32.9. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males.<ref name=Census2020 />

According to 2020 [[American Community Survey]] estimates, The median income for a city household was $37,395, and for a family was $43,873. Males had a median income of $30,379, versus $28,260 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $24,916. About 25.5% of families and 30.4% of the population were below the [[Poverty threshold|poverty line]], including 48.2% of those under age 18 and 17.3% of those age 65 or over.<ref name=Census2020 />

Although losing population since 1950, over the course of the past 70 years Rochester has become a major center for immigration, particularly for arrivals from [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Southeast Europe|Southeastern Europe]], [[sub-Saharan Africa]], and the [[Caribbean]]. Rochester had the highest percentage of [[Puerto Ricans]] of any major city in the United States in 2013,<ref name="factfinder2.census.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2013 Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013|access-date=May 22, 2014|archive-date=May 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512074548/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/08000.html|url-status=live}}</ref> one of the four largest [[Turkish American]] communities,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaya|first=Ilhan|date=2005|title=Identity and Space: The Case of Turkish Americans*|journal=[[Geographical Review]]|language=en|volume=95|issue=3|pages=425–440|doi=10.1111/j.1931-0846.2005.tb00374.x|bibcode=2005GeoRv..95..425K |s2cid=146744475|issn=1931-0846}}</ref> one of the largest [[Jamaican American]] communities in any major U.S. city<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Jamaican.html |title=Ancestry Map of Jamaican Communities |publisher=Epodunk.com |access-date=August 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011153154/http://epodunk.com/ancestry/Jamaican.html |archive-date=October 11, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a large concentration of [[Polish Americans]] along with nearby Buffalo, New York.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newyorkupstate.com/news/2018/02/upstate_ny_irish_italian_german_polish_ancestry_cities.html|title=Which Upstate NY cities are the most Irish, Italian, Polish? 30 ancestries, ranked|last=Axelson|first=Ben|date=February 28, 2018|website=newyorkupstate|language=en|access-date=March 5, 2020|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806204836/https://www.newyorkupstate.com/news/2018/02/upstate_ny_irish_italian_german_polish_ancestry_cities.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Rochester's [[Bhutanese people|Bhutanese]] and [[Nepalis|Nepalese]] communities are among the largest (top 3) in the United States, concentrated primarily in Jones Square and Edgerton with growth fueled by recently arrived migrants and refugees.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas|url=https://statisticalatlas.com/place/New-York/Rochester/Ancestry|access-date=May 13, 2021|website=statisticalatlas.com|archive-date=July 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718193352/http://statisticalatlas.com/place/New-York/Rochester/Ancestry|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, Rochester was ranked number 9 in the nation for the largest Italian population in the United States in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.niaf.org/culture/statistics/5187-2/|title=The 50 U.S. cities with the most Italian Americans|website=National Italian American Foundation|access-date=February 10, 2018|archive-date=February 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210180401/http://www.niaf.org/culture/statistics/5187-2/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rochester has been reported to have the largest ''per capita'' [[Hearing loss|deaf]] population in the United States by the [[New York Times]] because it is home to the [[National Technical Institute for the Deaf]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Making History: A Black Man's Hands Speak Eloquently|date=May 24, 2003|url=https://www.ntid.rit.edu/media/full_text.php?article_id=277|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 3, 2008|archive-date=July 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710181920/https://www.ntid.rit.edu/media/full_text.php?article_id=277|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=York |first1=Michelle |title=Where Sign Language Is Far From Foreign |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/25/nyregion/25deaf.html?pagewanted=all |access-date=15 January 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=25 December 2006}}</ref> A 2012 report by the NTID concluded 3.7% of the Rochester metropolitan area is deaf or hard-of-hearing, compared to a national rate of 3.5%.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walter |first1=Gerard |last2=Dirmyer |first2=Richard |title=Number of Persons who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: Rochester, NY |url=https://www.dor.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2018/11/number_of_persons_who_are_deaf_or_hard_of_hearing.pdf |access-date=15 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115194814/https://www.dor.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2018/11/number_of_persons_who_are_deaf_or_hard_of_hearing.pdf |archive-date=15 January 2024}}</ref> Rochester has the largest deaf and hard-of-hearing population ''per capita'' when analyzing the working-age population, but may not have the largest ''per capita'' deaf population among all cities, due to deafness being much more prevalent in the elderly.