Editing Ricin (section)

== Synthesis ==
The first isolation of ricin is attributed to the Baltic-German microbiologist [[Peter Hermann Stillmark]] (1860–1923) in 1888.<ref>{{cite thesis |last = Stillmark |first = Hermann | date = 1888 | title = Über Ricin, ein giftiges Ferment aus den Samen von Ricinus comm. L. und einigen anderen Euphorbiaceen | trans-title = About ricin, a poisonous ferment [i.e., enzyme] from the seeds of ''Ricinus communis'' L. and some other ''Euphorbiaceae'' | language = German | degree = M.D. | publisher = University of Dorpat | location = Dorpat, Estonia }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stillmark H | title=Ueber ricin |journal=Arbeiten des Pharmakologischen Institutes zu Dorpat |date=1889 |volume=3 |pages=59–151 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_7qAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA59 |trans-title=About ricin |language=German}}</ref><ref>The Russian physician N.A. Bubnow and the Australian physician Thomas Storie Dixson (1854–1932) probably isolated ricin in 1887 at the University of Strassburg (Strasbourg), Germany; however, Dixson mistakenly believed that ricin was a [[glycoside]], whereas it is actually a protein.
*  {{cite journal |last1=Dixson |first1=Thomas |title=Ricinus communis |journal=Australasian Medical Gazette |date=March 1887 |volume=6 |pages=137–138, 155–158 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044103020863&view=1up&seq=147}}
*  {{cite book |vauthors = Vogl A |title=Pharmakognosie |date=1892 |publisher=Carl Gerold's Sohn |location=Vienna, Austria |page=204 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23165#page/208/mode/1up |language=German}} From p. 204: ''"Bubnow und Dixson (1887) erhielten aus den entfetteten Samen … vielleicht eine sogenannte Phytalalbumose darstellt."'' (Bubnow and Dixson (1887) obtained, from the defatted seeds by extraction with dilute hydrochloric acid, a glycoside ([which they called] Ricinon) that belongs to the acid anhydrides [and that is] of very drastic effect.  Mr. Stillmark (1889) finally precipitated, from the seeds and oilcake, a very poisonous substance, Ricin, (about 3% of the air-dried seeds) that's insoluble in alcohol and that probably is a protein, an amorphous enzyme, perhaps a so-called phytalbumin.)
*  {{cite journal | vauthors = Finnemore H |title=Castor oil – part 1 |journal=Pharmaceutical Journal |date=29 July 1905 |volume=75 |pages=137–138 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E4BMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA137}} See p. 137. 
*  {{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography | vauthors = Cook B |id2=dixson-thomas-storie-6342 | title = Dixson, Thomas Storie (1854–1932) }}</ref>