Editing Richard I of England (section)

===Heraldry===
{{Further|Royal Arms of England}}
[[File:Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg|thumb|upright|The "three lions" of the [[Royal Arms of England]]]]
The second [[Great Seal of the Realm|Great Seal]] of Richard I (1198) shows him bearing a shield depicting ''three lions passant-guardant''. This is the first instance of the appearance of this [[blazon]], which later became established as the [[Royal Arms of England]]. It is likely, therefore, that Richard introduced this heraldic design.<ref name=lewis>{{Cite book|first1=Suzanne|last1=Lewis|title=The Art of Matthew Paris in the Chronica Majora|series=California studies in the history of art|volume=21|publisher=University of California Press|year=1987|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sXBdNsDxJ_cC&pg=PA180 180–181]|isbn=978-0-5200-4981-9}}</ref> In his earlier Great Seal of 1189, he had used either one ''[[lion rampant]]'' or two ''lions rampants [[Attitude (heraldry)#Combatant or respectant|combatants]]'', arms which he may have adopted from his father.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hmZ5QgAACAAJ&pg=PA59 |title=Heraldry: An Introduction to a Noble Tradition |series="[[Abrams Discoveries]]" series |publisher=Harry N. Abrams, Inc. |page=59|isbn = 978-0810928305|year= 1997}}
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Richard is also credited with having originated the English [[Crest (heraldry)|crest]] of a ''lion statant'' (now ''statant-guardant'').<ref>Woodward and Burnett, ''Woodward's: A Treatise on Heraldry, British and foreign, With English and French Glossaries'', p. 37.
Ailes, Adrian (1982). The Origins of The Royal Arms of England. Reading: Graduate Center for Medieval Studies, University of Reading. pp. 52–63.
Charles Boutell, A. C. Fox-Davies, ed., ''The Handbook to English Heraldry'', 11th ed. (1914).</ref> The coat of three lions continues to represent England on several [[coins of the pound sterling]], forms the basis of several emblems of English national sports teams (such as the [[England national football team]], and the team's "[[Three Lions (song)|Three Lions]]" anthem),<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/jul/18/theknowledge.sport|work=The Guardian|title=Why do England have three lions on their shirts? |date=18 July 2002 |access-date=29 April 2016 |first=Sean |last=Ingle}}</ref> and endures as one of the most recognisable [[national symbols of England]].<ref>Boutell, Charles, 1859. ''The Art Journal London''. p. 353.</ref>