Editing Reformation (section)

=== Zwingli ===
{{Main|Theology of Huldrych Zwingli}}

[[File:Ulrich Zwingli by Asper.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|alt=A middle-aged man|[[Huldrych Zwingli]]'s 16th-century portrait by [[Hans Asper]]]]

The Swiss Humanist priest Huldrych Zwingli would claim that he "began to preach the Gospel of Christ in 1516 long before anyone in our region had ever heard of Luther". He came to prominence when [[Affair of the Sausages|attended a meal of sausages]] in [[Zürich]] during [[Lent]] 1522, breaching the rules of [[Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church|fasting]].{{sfn|Marshall|2009|p=18}} He held disputations with the urban magistrates' authorization to discuss changes in church life, and always introduced them with the magistrates' support. In 1524, all images were removed from the churches, and fasting and clerical celibacy were abolished. Two years later, a German communion service replaced the Latin liturgy of the [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]], and the Eucharist (or Lord's Supper) was administered on a plain wooden table instead of an embellished [[Altar (Catholic Church)|altar]].{{sfn|Marshall|2009|p=18}}{{sfn|Collinson|2005|p=64}} Two new institutions were organised in Zürich: the {{lang|de|[[Prophezei]]}} (a public school for Biblical studies), and the Marriage and Morals Court (a legal court and moral police consisting of two laymen and two clerics). Both would be copied in other towns.{{sfn|Kaufmann|2023|p=105}} Zwingli's interpretation of the Eucharist differed from both Catholic theology and Luther's teaching. He denied Christ's presence in the sacramental bread and wine, and regarded the Eucharist as a [[Memorialism|commemorative ceremony]] in honor of the [[Crucifixion of Jesus|crucified]] Jesus.{{sfn|MacCulloch|2003|p=142}} The disagreement caused a bitter pamphlet war between Luther and Zwingli.{{sfn|Collinson|2005|pp=65–66}} They both rejected intermediary Eucharistic formulas coined by Bucer.{{sfn|MacCulloch|2003|p=176}}