Editing Red (section)

=== 18th to 20th century ===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Portrait of Joseph Emanuel, King of Portugal (1773) - Miguel António do Amaral.png|King [[Joseph I of Portugal]] (1773)
File:François-René Moreaux - O imperador D. Pedro II, sua esposa Teresa Cristina e suas filhas, princesas Isabel e Leopoldina, 1857.JPG|The [[Brazilian imperial family]] (1857)
File:Edward VII in coronation robes.jpg|King [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]] (1901)
File:Kustodiev The Bolshevik.jpg|Red flag of the Bolsheviks, by [[Boris Kustodiev]] (1920)
File:Chinese honor guard in column 070322-F-0193C-014.JPEG|Chinese [[honour guard]], Beijing, 2007
</gallery>
In the 18th century, red began to take on a new identity as the color of resistance and revolution.  It was already associated with blood, and with danger; a red flag hoisted before a battle meant that no prisoners would be taken. In 1793–94, red became the color of the [[French Revolution]]. A red [[Phrygian cap]], or "liberty cap", was part of the uniform of the [[sans-culottes]], the most militant faction of the revolutionaries.<ref name="auto">Pastoureau, Michel, "Rouge - Histoire d'une couleur" (2019), p. 166</ref>

In the late 18th century, during a strike English dock workers carried red flags, and it thereafter became closely associated with the new labour movement, and later with the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] in the United Kingdom, founded in 1900.

In  Paris in 1832, a red flag was carried by working-class demonstrators in the failed [[June Rebellion]] (an event immortalised in ''[[Les Misérables]]''), and later in the [[1848 French Revolution]].<ref name="marh">{{cite book |first=Mark |last=Traugott |title=The Insurgent Barricade |publisher=University of California Press |year=2010 |pages=4–8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isK7AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT21 |isbn=978-0-520-94773-3 |access-date=2022-07-21 |archive-date=2024-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606044526/https://books.google.com/books?id=isK7AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT21#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> The red flag was proposed as the new national French flag during the 1848 revolution, but was rejected by at the urging of the poet and statesman [[Alphonse Lamartine]] in favour of the tricolor flag. It appeared again as the flag of the short-lived [[Paris Commune]] in 1871. It was then adopted by [[Karl Marx]] and the new European movements of [[socialism]] and [[communism]]. [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] adopted a red flag following the [[Bolshevik Revolution]] in 1917. The People's Republic of China adopted the red flag following the [[Chinese Communist Revolution]]. It was adopted by [[North Vietnam]] in 1954, and by all of Vietnam in 1975.