Editing Punjabi language (section)

=== Gemination ===
[[Gemination]] of a consonant (doubling the letter) is indicated with [[Gurmukhi#Gemination|''adhak'']] in [[Gurmukhi]] and [[Shadda|''tashdīd'']] in [[Shahmukhi]].{{sfn|Masica|1991|p=149}} Its inscription with a unique diacritic is a distinct feature of Gurmukhi compared to [[Brahmic scripts]].

All consonants except six (''ṇ'', ''ṛ'', ''h'', ''r'', ''v'', ''y'') are regularly geminated. The latter four are only geminated in [[loan word]]s from other languages.{{efn|/jː/ is found in one other instance, for the name of the [[Gurmukhi letter]] ਯ (''yayyā'' ਯੱਯਾ)}}

There is a tendency to irregularly geminate consonants which follow long vowels, except in the final syllable of a word, e.g.''menū̃'' > ''mennū̃''.{{efn|This never occurs with /ɳ/ and /ɽ/, and is rare before /ʋ, ɾ, ɦ/}} It also causes the long vowels to shorten but remain peripheral, distinguishing them from the central vowels /ə, ɪ, ʊ/. This gemination is less prominent than the literarily regular gemination represented by the diacritics mentioned above.

Before a non-final prenasalised consonant,{{efn|''bindī/ṭippī'' or ''nūn ġunna'' before a consonant often causes it to be pre-nasalised, except where there is a true nasal vowel.}} long vowels undergo the same change but no gemination occurs.

The true gemination of a consonant after a long vowel is unheard of but is written in some English loanwords to indicate short /ɛ/ and /ɔ/, e.g. ਡੈੱਡ {{resize|{{nq|ڈَیڈّ}}}} /ɖɛɖː/ "dead".