Editing Pretoria (section)

== Culture ==

===Media===

Since Pretoria forms part the [[Tshwane]] Metropolitan Municipality, most radio, television and paper media is the same as the rest of the metro area.

====Radio====
{{Main|Media in Pretoria}}
There are many radio stations in the greater Pretoria region, some of note are:

[[Jacaranda 94.2|Jacaranda FM]], previously known as Jacaranda 94.2, is a commercial South African radio station, broadcasting in English and Afrikaans, with a footprint that covers Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and the North West Province and boasts a listening audience of 3&nbsp;million people a week, and a digital community of more than 1,6&nbsp;million people a month. The station's format is mainstream adult contemporary with programming constructed around a playlist of hit music from the 1980s, 1990s and now.

[[Tuks FM]] is the radio station of the [[University of Pretoria]] and one of South Africa's community broadcasters. It was one of the first community broadcasters in South Africa to be given an FM licence. It is known for contemporary music and is operated by UP's student base.

[[Radio Pretoria]] is a community-based radio station in Pretoria, South Africa, whose programmes are aimed at Afrikaners. It broadcasts 24 hours a day in stereo on 104.2 FM in the greater Pretoria area. Various other transmitters (with their own frequencies) in South Africa broadcast the station's content further afield, while the station is also available on [[Sentech]]'s digital satellite platform.

Impact Radio, is a Christian Community Radio Station based in Pretoria, and broadcasting on 103FM in the Greater Tshwane Area.

====Television====
Pretoria is serviced by [[e.tv|eTV]], [[SABC]], [[M-Net|MNET]], and [[SuperSport (South African TV channel)|SuperSport]].

====Paper====
The city is serviced by a variety of printed publications namely;

[[Pretoria News]] is a daily newspaper established in Pretoria in 1898. It publishes a daily edition from Monday to Friday and a Weekend edition on Saturday and Sunday. It is an independent newspaper in the English language that serves the city and its direct environs. It is available online via the Independent online website.

[[Beeld]] is an Afrikaans-language daily newspaper that was launched on 16 September 1974. Beeld is distributed in four provinces of South Africa: Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Limpopo, North West. Die Beeld (English: The Image) was an Afrikaans-language Sunday newspaper in the late 1960s.

===Pretoria Creole===
{{Main|Pretoria Sotho}}
'''Pretoria Sotho''' (called Sepitori by its speakers)<ref>Ditsele & Mann 2014</ref> is the urban [[lingua franca]] of Pretoria and the [[Tshwane]] metropolitan area in [https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa South Africa]. It is a combination of [[Tswana language|Tswana]] and [[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho (Pedi)]], with influences from [[Tsotsitaal]] and other black South African languages. It is a creole language that developed in the city during the years of Apartheid.

===Museums===
[[File:Voortrekker Monument.jpg|thumb|The Voortrekker Monument|291x291px]]
*[[Ditsong National Museum of Cultural History]], a.k.a. African Window
*[[Ditsong National Museum of Natural History]]
*[[Freedom Park (South Africa)|Freedom Park]]
*Hapo Museum
*[[Kruger House (Pretoria)|Kruger House]] (residence of the president of the ZAR, [[Paul Kruger]])
*[[Mapungubwe Museum]]
*[[Melrose House]] (the [[Treaty of Vereeniging]] which ended the [[Anglo-Boer War]] was signed here in 1902)
*[[National Library of South Africa]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nlsa.ac.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=77&Itemid=207 |title=Exhibitions |access-date=5 October 2015 |archive-date=6 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006232044/http://www.nlsa.ac.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=77&Itemid=207 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Pionier Museum|Pioneer Museum]]
*[[Pretoria Art Museum]]
*[[Pretoria Forts]]
*[[South African Air Force Museum]]
*[[Transvaal Museum]]
*[[Van Tilburg Collection]]
*[[Van Wouw Museum]]
*[[Voortrekker Monument]]
*Willem Prinsloo Agricultural Museum
*Sammy Marks House<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ditsong.org.za/sammymarks.htm |title=Ditsong Museums Of South Africa |publisher=Ditsong.org.za |access-date=19 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528144819/http://www.ditsong.org.za/sammymarks.htm |archive-date=28 May 2014}}</ref>
*SP Engelbrecht Museum (history of the NHK church)
*Smuts House Museum

<gallery widths="140" heights="140">
File:Anfiteatro - Freedom Park.jpg|Freedom Park's amphitheatre
File:Culthistory.jpg|African Window
File:Kruger House see from Dutch Reformed Church clock tower 001.jpg|Paul Kruger's House
File:Melrose house SA.jpg|Melrose House
</gallery><gallery widths="150" heights="140">
File:Transvaal Museum Night.JPG|[[Ditsong National Museum of Natural History]]
File:Interior Mapungubwe gold gallery, University of Pretoria.jpg|[[Mapungubwe Collection]]
File:Pretoriase kunsmuseum 2.jpg|[[Pretoria Art Museum]]
File:South Africa - Gauteng - Sammy Marks Museum.JPG|Sammy Marks museum
</gallery>

===Music===
<!-- [[Marching to Pretoria]] redirects here -->
A number of popular South African bands and musicians are originally from Pretoria. These include Desmond and the Tutus, Bittereinder, The Black Cat Bones, [[Seether]], popular mostwako rapper [[JR (rapper)|JR]], Joshua na die Reën and [[DJ Mujava]] who was raised in the town of Attridgeville.

The song "Marching to Pretoria" refers to this city. Pretoria was the capital of the [[South African Republic]] (a.k.a. Republic of the Transvaal; 1852–1881 and 1884–1902) the principal battleground for the [[First Boer War|First]] and [[Second Boer War]], the latter which brought both the Transvaal and the Orange Free State republic under British rule. "Marching to Pretoria" was one of the songs that British soldiers sang as they marched from the [[Cape Colony]], under British Rule since 1814, to the capital of the Southern African Republic (or in Dutch, ''Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek''). As the song's refrain puts it: "We are marching to Pretoria, Pretoria, Pretoria/We are marching to Pretoria, Pretoria, Hurrah."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.traditionalmusic.co.uk/folk-songs-with-chords/Marching%20To%20Pretoria.htm |title=Traditional & Folk Songs with Chords: Marching To Pretoria |publisher=Traditionalmusic.co.uk |access-date=19 April 2014 |archive-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420041556/http://www.traditionalmusic.co.uk/folk-songs-with-chords/Marching%20To%20Pretoria.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

The opening line of [[John Lennon]]'s [[Beatles]]' song [[I Am the Walrus]], "I am he as you are he as you are me and we are all together", is often believed to be based on the lyric "I'm with you and you're with me and so we are all together"<ref>traditionalmusic.co.uk, ''op. cit.''</ref> in "Marching to Pretoria". Lennon denied this, insisting his lyrics came from "nothing".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shmoop.com/i-am-the-walrus/lyrics.html |title="'I Am the Walrus' Lyrics," Shmoop: We Speak Student |publisher=Shmoop.com |access-date=19 April 2014 |archive-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420094300/http://www.shmoop.com/i-am-the-walrus/lyrics.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Performing arts and galleries===

Pretoria is home to an extensive portfolio of public art. A diverse and evolving city, Pretoria boasts a vibrant art scene and a variety of works that range from sculptures to murals to pieces by internationally and locally renowned artists. The [[Pretoria Art Museum]] is home to a vast collection of local artworks. After a bequest of 17th century Dutch artworks by Lady Michaelis in 1932 the art collection of Pretoria City Council expanded quickly to include South African works by Henk [[Pierneef]], [[Pieter Wenning]], [[Frans Oerder]], [[Anton van Wouw]] and [[Irma Stern]].<ref name="gautengcc.co.za">{{cite web |url=http://www.gautengcc.co.za/pretoria-art-museum.htm |title=Pretoria Art Museum – Pretoria Attractions – Gauteng Conference Centre Midrand |access-date=28 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929053427/http://www.gautengcc.co.za/pretoria-art-museum.htm |archive-date=29 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> And according to the museum: "As South African museums in Cape Town and Johannesburg already had good collections of 17th, 18th and 19th century European art, it was decided to focus on compiling a representative collection of South African art" making it somewhat unusual compared to its contemporaries.<ref name="gautengcc.co.za"/>
[[File:South African State Theatre12.jpg|thumb|[[South African State Theatre]]]]
Pretoria houses several performing arts venues including:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://showme.co.za/pretoria/events-entertainment/theatres-in-pretoria/ |title=Theatres in Pretoria |access-date=5 October 2015 |archive-date=6 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006053410/http://showme.co.za/pretoria/events-entertainment/theatres-in-pretoria/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
the [[State Theatre, South Africa|South African State Theatre]] which houses the arts of [[Opera]], [[musical theatre|musicals]], [[play (theatre)|plays]] and comedic performances.

A 9 metre tall statue of former president [[Nelson Mandela]] was unveiled in front of the [[Union Buildings]] on 16 December 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mandela.southafrica.net/map/view/the-nelson-mandela-statue-at-the-union-buildings |title=Madiba's Journey – South African Tourism |access-date=28 September 2015 |archive-date=29 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929051459/http://mandela.southafrica.net/map/view/the-nelson-mandela-statue-at-the-union-buildings |url-status=live}}</ref> Since Nelson Mandela's inauguration as South Africa's first majority elected president the Union Buildings have come to represent the new 'Rainbow Nation'.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-17/world27s-largest-statue-of-nelson-mandela-unveiled-in-pretoria/5160450 |title=World's largest statue of Mandela unveiled |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=17 December 2013 |access-date=28 September 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031172428/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-17/world27s-largest-statue-of-nelson-mandela-unveiled-in-pretoria/5160450 |url-status=live}}</ref> Public art in Pretoria has flourished since the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]] with many areas receiving new public artworks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tshwane.gov.za/Pages/default.aspx |title=Home |access-date=28 September 2015 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412092003/http://www.tshwane.gov.za/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Sport===
[[File:URC trophy on display at Loftus Versfeld.jpg|thumb|258x258px|Loftus Versfeld Stadium]]
One of the most popular sports in Pretoria is [[rugby union]]. [[Loftus Versfeld Stadium|Loftus Versfeld]] is home to the [[Blue Bulls]], who compete in the domestic [[Currie Cup]], and also to the [[Bulls (rugby)|Bulls]] in the international [[United Rugby Championship]] competition. The Bulls rugby team, which is operated by the Blue Bulls, won the Super Rugby competition in [[2007 Super 14 season|2007]], [[2009 Super 14 season|2009]] and [[2010 Super 14 season|2010]]. Loftus Versfeld also hosts the [[Association football|football]] side [[Mamelodi Sundowns]].

Pretoria also hosted matches during the [[1995 Rugby World Cup]]. Loftus Versfeld was used for some matches in the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]].

[[Association football]] (soccer) is one of the most popular sports in the city. There are two soccer teams in the city playing in South Africa's top-flight league, the [[South African Premiership|Premiership]]. They are [[Mamelodi Sundowns]] and [[Supersport United]]. Supersport United were the [[2008–09 Premier Soccer League|2008–09 PSL Champions]]. Following the 2011/2012 season the [[University of Pretoria F.C.]] gained promotion to the [[South African Premier Division]], the top domestic league, becoming the third Pretoria-based team in the league.<ref>{{cite web |author=Premier Soccer League |url=http://www.supersport.com/football/national-first-division/news/120513/Tuks_secures_Premiership_promotion |title=Tuks secure Premiership promotion – SuperSport – Football |publisher=SuperSport |date=13 May 2012 |access-date=16 November 2012 |archive-date=7 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307091843/https://supersport.com/football/national-first-division/news/120513/Tuks_secures_Premiership_promotion |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/2012/05/10/amatuks-make-it-to-top-flight |title=AmaTuks make it to top flight |publisher=Sowetan LIVE |date=10 May 2012 |access-date=16 November 2012 |archive-date=2 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702021117/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/2012/05/10/amatuks-make-it-to-top-flight |url-status=live}}</ref> After a poor league finish in the 2015/2016 season, University of Pretoria F.C. were relegated to the [[National First Division]], the second-highest football league in South Africa, in the 2016 promotion/relegation play-offs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/4667/sa-psl/2016/06/22/24879682/university-of-pretoria-highlands-park-preview-relegated |title=University of Pretoria – Highlands Park Preview: Relegated AmaTuks eye consolation win {{!}} Goal.com |website=www.goal.com |access-date=28 October 2019 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028170525/https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/4667/sa-psl/2016/06/22/24879682/university-of-pretoria-highlands-park-preview-relegated |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:SS park.jpg|thumb|Centurion Park]]
[[Cricket]] is also a popular game in the city. As there is no international cricket stadium in the city, it does not host any top-class cricket tournaments, although the nearby situated [[Centurion, Gauteng|Centurion]] has [[Supersport Park]] which is an international cricket stadium and has hosted many important tournaments such as [[2003 Cricket World Cup]], [[2007 ICC World Twenty20]], [[2009 IPL]] and [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy]]. The most local franchise team to Pretoria is the [[Titans cricket team|Titans]], although [[Northerns cricket team|Northerns]] occasionally play in the city in South Africa's provincial competitions. Many Pretoria born cricketers have gone on to play for [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]], including former international captains [[AB de Villiers]] [[Faf du Plessis]].
[[File:SunBet Arena 2024 BAL season.png|thumb|SunBet Arena, Times Square, Menlyn]]
The Pretoria Transnet Blind Cricket Club is situated in Pretoria and is the biggest Blind Cricket club in South Africa. Their field is at the Transnet Engineering campus on Lynette Street, home of differently disabled cricket. PTBCC has played many successful blind cricket matches with abled bodied teams such as the South African Indoor Cricket Team and TuksCricket Junior Academy. Northerns Blind Cricket is the Provincial body that governs PTBCC and Filefelfia Secondary School. The Northern Blind Cricket team won the 40 over National Blind Cricket tournament that was held in Cape Town in April 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ptbcc.com |title=魁斗财经 |website=www.ptbcc.com |access-date=29 May 2021 |archive-date=6 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806030159/http://ptbcc.com/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The city's SunBet Arena at Time Square hosted the [[NBA Africa Game 2018]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Getting to know Africa's flashy basketball arenas |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/news/getting-to-know-africas-flashy-basketball-arenas |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=[[FIBA]] |date=2 September 2019 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107193242/https://www.fiba.basketball/news/getting-to-know-africas-flashy-basketball-arenas |url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Places of worship===   
[[File:9 2 258 0115-Paul Kruger Reformed Church-Pretoria-s.jpg|thumb|Paul Kruger's Church Building in the City]]
[[File:Ooskerk-kloktoring, Pretoria.jpg|thumb|upright|Ooskerk building in Pretoria]] 
Among the [[places of worship]], they are predominantly [[Christianity|Christian]] churches and temples : [[Zion Christian Church]], [[Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa]], [[Assemblies of God]], [[Baptist Union of Southern Africa]] ([[Baptist World Alliance]]), [[Methodist Church of Southern Africa]] ([[World Methodist Council]]), [[Anglican Church of Southern Africa]] ([[Anglican Communion]]), [[Presbyterian Church of Africa]] ([[World Communion of Reformed Churches]]), [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pretoria]] ([[Catholic Church]]).<ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa SouthAfrica] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629053318/https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa |date=29 June 2019 }}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on 7 July 2019</ref> Greek Orthodox Community of Pretoria , Cathedral of the Annunciation of the Theotokos
<ref> Greek Orthodox Community Pretoria https://behellenic.co.za/about-us/ </ref> There are also [[Islam|Muslim]] mosques and [[Hindu]] temples.

===Jewish community===
{{further|Afrikaner-Jews|Lithuanian Jews}}
{{More citations needed|section|date=November 2019}}
Pretoria has a small Jewish community of around 3,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Support Association for Zionism – South African Jewry: History of Pretoria Jewry |url=http://www.sazionism.co.za/history-of-pretoria-jewry.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721043724/http://www.sazionism.co.za/history-of-pretoria-jewry.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 July 2015 |access-date=16 November 2019}}</ref> Jewish citizens have been in Pretoria since its foundation in the 19th century and played an important role in its industrial and economic growth. A Mr. De Vries, the first Jewish inhabitant of Pretoria, was a prominent citizen and prosecutor, a member of the [[Volksraad of the South African Republic|Volksraad]] and a pioneer of the [[Afrikaans language]]. Another famed Jewish Pretorian was [[Sammy Marks]].

Other early Jewish settlers, many of them immigrants from [[Lithuania]], were not as educated as De Vries and often did not speak Dutch, Afrikaans, or English. Many of them spoke only [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] and made a living as shopkeepers in the local retail industry. Most Jewish residents stayed neutral in the [[Second Boer War]], though some joined the [[South African Republic]] army.

The first congregation was founded between 1890 and 1895, and in 1898 the first synagogue, [[The Old Synagogue, Pretoria|The Old Synagogue]] opened on Paul Kruger Street.<ref name=up>[https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/49734/Clarke_Chapter7_2015.pdf?sequence=24&isAllowed=y Church Square, the Old Synagogue and the Old Government Printing Work, Three historic places for testing strategic intervention] University of Pretoria. 2015</ref> A second synagogue, known as the Great Synagogue, opened in 1922. Both synagogues are no longer in operation, but a [[Reformed Judaism|Reformed]] synagogue, Temple Menorah, opened in the early 1950s.

The Jewish community of Pretoria's golden age was in the early 20th century, when many Jewish sports clubs, charities, and youth groups flourished. After 1948, many Jews left for Cape Town or Johannesburg.

The Old Synagogue on Paul Kruger Street was purchased by the government in 1952 to become the new home of the High Court where prominent opposition figures in the [[Anti-Apartheid Movement]] were tried, including [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Walter Sisulu]], and 26 others were prosecuted for treason from 1 August 1958 to 29 March 1961; the [[Rivonia Trial]] was held there in 1963–1964.<ref name=up/>

Two Jewish schools arose in Pretoria, the Miriam Marks School, which was founded in 1905, and the Carmel School, which opened in 1959. Only the second, currently also operating as a synagogue, remains. Pretoria's Reformed congregation shares a rabbi with the Johannesburg one, though the synagogue no longer operates and services take place in worshippers' private homes.

===Buddhist community===
A [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] centre, the Jang Chup Chopel Rigme Centre ("Centre of Light") was founded in early January 2015 by Duan Pienaar or Gyalten Nyima (his adopted monastic name) in [[Waverley, Pretoria|Waverley]] around Pretoria-Moot. Pienaar is the only Afrikaner ordained in the highly selective [[Tibet]]an [[Vajrayana|Tantric Buddhist]] community in [[Bylakuppe]], in southern India. His instructor [[Lama]] [[Kyabje Choden Rinpoche]] is the highest tantric master after the [[Dalai Lama]]. Pienaar, who studied Buddhist teachers for twenty years, spent two years in India.<ref>{{cite journal |title=En daar verrys toe 'n Boeddhiste-sentrum |journal=Pretoria Moot Rekord |date=24 April 2015 |page=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Van Zyl |first1=Seugnet |title=Boere-Boeddhis begin sentrum in Pretoria |url=https://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Boere-Boeddhis-begin-sentrum-in-Pretoria-20150415 |access-date=16 November 2019 |work=Netwerk24 |date=15 April 2015 |archive-date=30 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730210901/https://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Boere-Boeddhis-begin-sentrum-in-Pretoria-20150415 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
[[File:Coat of arms of Pretoria.svg|thumb|Pretoria civic coat of arms (1907)]]
The Pretoria civic arms, designed by Frans Engelenburg,<ref name=pre>Bodel, J.D.;  'The Coat of Arms and Other Heraldic Symbols of the City of Pretoria' in ''Pretoriana'' (November 1989).</ref> were granted by the [[College of Arms]] on 7 February 1907. They were registered with the Transvaal Provincial Administration in March 1953<ref name=og>Transvaal ''Official Gazette'' 2372 (11 March 1953).</ref> and at the [[Bureau of Heraldry]] in May 1968.<ref name="boh">[https://archive.today/20120629122538/http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za/sm300cv/smws/sm300dl]</ref> The Bureau provided new artwork, in a more modern style, in 1989.<ref name=tor>'Nuwe Standswapen' in ''Toria'' (July 1989).</ref>

The arms were: ''Gules, on an mimosa tree eradicated proper within an orle of eight bees volant, Or, an inescutcheon Or and thereon a Roman praetor seated proper''. In layman's terms: a red shield displaying an uprooted mimosa tree surrounded by a border of eight golden bees, superimposed on the tree is a golden shield depicting a Roman praetor. The tree represented growth, the bees industry, and the praetor (judge) was an heraldic pun on the name.

The crest was a three-towered golden castle; the supporters were an eland and a kudu; and the motto ''Praestantia praevaleat Pretoria''.
The coat of arms have gone out of favour after the City Council amalgamated with its surrounding councils to form the [[City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality]].