Editing Political party (section)

===Niche parties===
{{See also|Single-issue politics}}
Niche parties are a type of political party that developed on the basis of the emergence of new cleavages and issues in politics, such as immigration and the environment.<ref name="Meguid">{{cite journal |last1=Meguid |first1=Bonnie M. |title=Competition Between Unequals: The Role of Mainstream Party Strategy in Niche Party Success |journal=American Political Science Review |date=2005 |volume=99 |issue=3 |pages=347–348|doi=10.1017/S0003055405051701 |s2cid=145304603 }}</ref> In contrast to mainstream or catch-all parties, niche parties articulate an often limited set of interests in a way that does not conform to the dominant economic left-right divide in politics, in turn emphasising issues that do not attain prominence within the other parties.<ref name="MM">{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Thomas |last2=Miller |first2=Bernhard |title=The niche party concept and its measurement |journal=Party Politics |date=2015 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=259–271 |doi=10.1177/1354068812472582|pmid=28066152 |pmc=5180693 }}</ref> Further, niche parties do not respond to changes in public opinion to the extent that mainstream parties do. Examples of niche parties include [[Green parties]] and extreme nationalist parties, such as the [[National Rally]] in France.<ref name="Adams">{{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=James |last2=Clark |first2=Michael |last3=Ezrow |first3=Lawrence |last4=Glasgow |first4=Garrett |title=Are Niche Parties Fundamentally Different from Mainstream Parties? The Causes and the Electoral Consequences of Western European Parties' Policy Shifts, 1976–1998 |journal=American Journal of Political Science |date=2006 |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=513–529 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00199.x |s2cid=30867881 |url=https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/2180944/191763.pdf |access-date=18 June 2020 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806072413/https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/2180944/191763.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> However, over time these parties may grow in size and shed some of their niche qualities as they become larger, a phenonmenon observable among European Green parties during their transformation from radical environmentalist movements to mainstream centre-left parties.<ref name="MM" />