Editing Pine (section)

==Culture==

[[File:Myrskylä.vaakuna.svg |thumb |upright |A falling pine pictured in the coat of arms of [[Myrskylä]], a small town in Finland]]

Pines have been a frequently mentioned tree throughout history, including in literature, art, and in religious texts.

The pine is a particular motif in Chinese art and literature, which sometimes combines painting and poetry in the same work. Some of the main symbolic attributes of pines in Chinese art and literature are longevity and steadfastness: the pine retains its green needles through all the seasons. Sometimes the pine and cypress are paired. At other times the pine, plum, and bamboo are considered as the "[[Three Friends of Winter]]".<ref>[[Wolfram Eberhard|Eberhard, Wolfram]] (2003 [1986 (German version 1983)]), ''A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and Thought''. London, New York: Routledge. {{ISBN |0-415-00228-1}}, ''sub'' "Pine".</ref>

===Literature===

Writers of various nationalities and ethnicities have written of pines. Among them, [[John Muir]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Muir |first=John |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Yosemite/Chapter_6 |title=The Yosemite }}</ref> [[Dora Sigerson Shorter]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Sad_Years/The_Secret |title=The Secret |last=Shorter |first=Dora Sigerson |access-date=2018-01-04 |archive-date=2018-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105011351/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Sad_Years/The_Secret |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Eugene Field]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Poems_of_Childhood/Norse_Lullaby |title=Poems of Childhood/Norse Lullaby |last=Field |first=Eugene |chapter=Norse Lullaby |access-date=2018-01-04 |archive-date=2018-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104132512/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Poems_of_Childhood/Norse_Lullaby |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bai Juyi]],<ref>Bai Juyi [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/More_Translations_from_the_Chinese/The_Pine-Trees_in_the_Courtyard "The Pine Trees in the Courtyard"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104132525/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/More_Translations_from_the_Chinese/The_Pine-Trees_in_the_Courtyard |date=2018-01-04 }}</ref> [[Theodore Winthrop]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Life_in_the_Open_Air/Chapter_III |title=Life in the Open Air |last=Winthrop |first=Theodore |access-date=2018-01-04 |archive-date=2018-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104132446/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Life_in_the_Open_Air/Chapter_III |url-status=live}}</ref> and Rev. George Allan D.D.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Scottish_Song/Is_your_war-pipe_asleep |title=The Book of Scottish Song |chapter=Is your war-pipe asleep |access-date=2018-01-04 |archive-date=2018-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104132510/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Scottish_Song/Is_your_war-pipe_asleep |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Art===

[[File:Tom Thomson - The West Wind - Google Art Project.jpg |thumb |''[[The West Wind (painting)|The West Wind]]'' (1917), Canadian painter [[Tom Thomson]]'s iconic portrait of [[Pinus resinosa|red pines]] in [[Algonquin Park]], Ontario]]

Pines are often featured in art, whether painting and [[fine art]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Pissarro |first=Camille  |title=Work by Camille Pissarro |date=1903 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pissarro_-_kew-gardens-crossroads-near-the-pond-1892.jpg |access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref> drawing,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Britton |first1=N.L. |last2=Brown |first2=A. |title=Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada |publisher=USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database |date=1913 |volume=1 |chapter=Pinus strobus L |chapter-url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pinus_strobus_drawing.png |access-date=2018-01-04 }}</ref> photography, or [[folk art]].

===Religious texts===

Trees which may be pines or other conifers are mentioned in some verses of the [[Bible]]. In the [[Book of Nehemiah]] 8:15, the [[King James Version]] translates Hebrew "עץ שמן" (etz shman), 'oil tree', as pine,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Nehemiah-8-15/ |title=Nehemiah 8:15 KJV |website=www.kingjamesbibleonline.org |access-date=2018-01-04}}</ref> and the unknown type of tree of Hebrew "תדהר" in Isaiah 60:13 similarly.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Isaiah-60-13/ |title=Nehemiah 8:15 KJV |website=www.kingjamesbibleonline.org |access-date=2018-01-04}}</ref> Some botanical authorities believe that the Hebrew word "ברוש" (bərōsh), "cypress", which is used many times in the Bible, properly designates ''[[Pinus halepensis]]'', the Aleppo or Jerusalem pine, or in [[Book of Hosea|Hosea]] 14:8<ref>{{cite web |url=https://biblehub.com/hosea/14-8.htm |title=Hosea 14:8}}</ref> which refers to fruit, ''[[Pinus pinea]]'', the stone pine.<ref>{{cite book |title=Wycliffe Bible Dictionary |publisher=Hendrickson Publishers |year=1975 |location=entry Plants: Fir}}</ref>
The word used in modern Hebrew for pine is "אֹ֖רֶן" (oren), which occurs only in Isaiah 44:14,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://biblehub.com/isaiah/44-14.htm |title=Isaiah 44:14}}</ref> but two manuscripts have "ארז" ([[cedrus|cedar]]), a much more common word.<ref>[[Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia]] ad loc.</ref>